Numerous gift exchange experiments have found a positive wage-effort relationship. In (almost) all these experiments the employer both owns and controls the firm. This paper explores to what extent the separation of ownership and control affects the wage-effort relationship. We compare the standard bilateral gift exchange game between an owner-manager and a worker with two trilateral ones where...

Recently, e-commerce becomes widespread; hence electronic department stores come into being. As a result, Chan and Chang proposed a scheme for digital gift certificates in 2002. Because it is hard to estimate the number of the clients of the electronic department stores, reducing the computation complexity of the electronic department stores becomes an important issue. Due to the need, we propo...

This paper presents a method for analyzing epicyclic gearboxes by evaluating the speeds, torques and efficiency of the external elements in epicyclic gear mechanisms, as well as the total ratios of the gear box. The method is based on the equations that describe each epicyclic gear mechanism and rules that assign appropriate codes to the external elements. The method emphasizes how power flows ...

This study reports evidence from a field experiment that was conducted to investigate the relevance of gift-exchange in a natural setting. In collaboration with a charitable organization we sent roughly 10,000 solicitation letters to potential donors. One third of the letters contained no gift, one third contained a small gift and one third contained a large gift. The treatment assignment was r...

By incorporating reciprocity in an otherwise standard principalagent model, I investigate the relation between monetary gift-exchange and incentive pay, while allowing for worker heterogeneity. I assume that some, but not all, workers care more for their principal when they are convinced that the principal cares for them. The principal can be egoistic or altruistic. Absent worker heterogeneity,...

Generalized frameworks for constructing intelligent tutors, such as GIFT promise many benefits. These benefits should be extended to systems that work in ill-defined domains, especially in simulation environments. This paper presents ideas for understanding how ill-defined domains change the tutoring dynamic in simulated environments and proposes some initial extensions to GIFT that accommodate...

BACKGROUND In the UK, altruism has featured explicitly as an underpinning principle for biobanking. However, conceptualizing donation as altruistic downplays the role of reciprocity and personal or family benefit. OBJECTIVE To investigate how biosample donors talk about their donation and whether they regard samples as 'gifts'. METHODS In this qualitative study, 21 people, both healthy volu...