Stream water was locally recharged into shallow groundwater flow paths that returned to the stream (hyporheic exchange) in St. Kevin Gulch, a Rocky Mountain stream in Colorado contaminated by acid mine drainage. Two approaches were used to characterize hyporheic exchange: sub-reach-scale measurement of hydraulic heads and hydraulic conductivity to compute streambed fluxes (hydrometric approach)...

Abstract Hydrometric stations are important in most countries because of the application and importance data obtained from these stations. It is necessary to choose best place for their establishment according cost constructing hydrometric The aim innovation this research optimize location using Bat's meta-heuristic algorithm interpolation methods, which information transfer entropy theory were...