The eeect of axial and azimuthal forcing on the spreading and mixing characteristics in the near eld (x=D < 13) of a cooowing, turbulent (Re > 2000) water jet is studied by means of planar, laser induced uorescence (PLIF) visualizations. Measurements of both the initial spreading rate of the jet and the decay of the concentration along the centerline of the jet show a marked increase in the mix...

We compare three forcing data sets, all variants of NCEP forcing, in global ice-ocean simulations and evaluate them for use in Arctic model studies. The data sets include the standard Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (AOMIP) protocol, standard NCEP forcing fields, and the data set of Large and Yeager (2004). We explore their performance in Arctic simulations using a global, coupled, s...

For two vertices u and v of a graph G, the set I(u, v) consists of all vertices lying on some u − v geodesic in G. If S is a set of vertices of G, then I(S) is the union of all sets I(u, v) for u, v ∈ S. A set S is a geodetic set if I(S) = V (G). A minimum geodetic set is a geodetic set of minimum cardinality and this cardinality is the geodetic number g(G). A subset T of a minimum geodetic set...