In this paper, we show that dilute maleic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, hydrolyzes cellobiose, the repeat unit of cellulose, and the microcrystalline cellulose Avicel as effectively as dilute sulfuric acid but with minimal glucose degradation. Maleic acid, superior to other carboxylic acids reported in this paper, gives higher yields of glucose that is more easily fermented as a result of lower co...

Amylases are starch degrading enzymes. They are widely distributed in microbial, plant and animal kingdoms (Banks et al, 1975). They degrade starch and related polymers to yield products characteristic of individual amylolytic enzymes. Initially the term amylase was used originally to designate enzymes capable of hydrolysing α-1, 4glycosidic bonds of amylose, amylopectin, glycogen and their deg...

Glucose degradation products (GDPs) are highly reactive precursors of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). High glucose concentrations, GDPs, and AGEs can activate specific pathways, including inflammatory and oxidative stress response pathways, which may adversely affect the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the impact and possible mechanisms of action of GDPs and AGEs with regar...

Introduction ........................................................ 691 Methods ............................................................ 693 Oxidation of carbohydrates by gonococci ............................ 694 “ “ hydroxy acids .......................................... 695 “ “ ketonic “ .......................................... 698 Organic acids and other substrates not oxidized by ...

Diabetes complications are caused by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia results in increased concentrations of glucose degradation products. The study of peritoneal dialysis solution biocompatibility has highlighted the adverse effects of glucose degradation products. Recently, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) has been identified as the most toxic glucose degradation product in peritoneal dialysi...

BACKGROUND Biodegradation of free cyanide from industrial wastewaters has been proven as a viable and robust method for treatment of wastewaters containing cyanide. RESULTS Cyanide degrading bacteria were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant for coke-oven-gas condensate by enrichment culture technique. Five strains were able to use cyanide as the sole nitrogen source under alkaline cond...