[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze test-retest reliability of an active range of motion test using a manual goniometer by unskilled examiners. [Subjects and Methods] Active range of motion was measured in 30 students attending U university (4 males, 26 females). Range of motion during flexion and extension of the shoulder and hip joints were measured using a manual goniometer. [...

The problems caused by miniaturization of the goniometer are discussed from the viewpoint of the stress error caused by mis-setting of the specimen and misalignment of the collimator and detector for the Q assembly X-ray stress analyzer using a position sensitive detector. The stress errors were calculated using a model and a simulation method. It was found that they tend to increase with the d...

In the present study, we examined whether active range of neck motion (AROM) differed between persons with and without a diagnosis of whiplash-associated disorder type 2 (WAD2) and explored whether magnetic resonance (MR)-verified lesions of specific ligaments or membranes at the craniovertebral junction was associated with increased or decreased motion in any particular direction among the WAD...

This article presents and technically describes a new field spectro-goniometer system for the ground-based characterization of the surface reflectance anisotropy under natural illumination conditions developed at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). The spectro-goniometer consists of a Manual Transportable Instrument platform for ground-based Spectro-directional observations (ManTIS), and a hype...

[Purpose] The aims of this study were to evaluate the type and extent of error in the measurement of range of motion and to evaluate the effect of evaluators' proficiency level on measurement error. [Subjects and Methods] The participants were 45 university students, in different years of their physical therapy education, and 21 physical therapists, with up to three years of clinical experience...