In a headed tree, each terminal word can be uniquely labeled with a governing word and grammatical relation. This labeling is a summary of a syntactic analysis which eliminates detail, reflects aspects of semantics, and for some grammatical relations (such as subject of finite verb) is nearly uncontroversial. We define a notion of expected governor markup, which sums vectors indexed by governor...

We explore the US states’ evolving policy responses to COVID-19 pandemic by examining governors’ decisions begin easing five types of social distancing policies after initial case surge in March–April 2020. Applying event history models original data on state policies, we test relative influence health, economic, and political considerations their decisions. find no evidence that differences ec...

Legally independent central banks leave elected politicians with little direct control over monetary policy. The most important indirect channel of influence for governments thus consists in appointing ‘responsive’ central bank officials and removing ‘hostile’ ones. This premise is tested by examining the effect of partisan ties between central bank governors and governments or presidents in 30...

I combine newly digitized personnel and public finance data from the British colonial administration 1854-1966 to study how patronage affects the promotion and performance of governors. Governors are more likely to be promoted to higher salaried colonies when connected to their superior during the period of patronage. Once allocated, they provide more tax exemptions, raise less revenue, and inv...

Abstract The California Undercurrent (CUC) transport, with significant variability ranging from weeks to decades, has consequences for both the climate and biogeochemistry of Current system. This study evaluates governors CUC transport its temporal a momentum perspective, using mesoscale-resolving regional model. From 16-yr mean along-isobath pressure gradient acts accelerate CUC, whereas eddy ...

Objective: The objective is to examine how the tension between federal, state, and local levels affects planning, lockdown, reopening of economy during pandemic. To date, COVID-19 kills one American every 30 seconds. As this tragedy continues claim thousands lives, many Americans point US government's failure respond pandemic effectively efficiently.
 Method: article uses descriptive metho...

An accident is unexpected, unusual, unintended and identifiable external event which occurs at any place and at any time. The major concern faced by the government and traffic officials is over speeding at limited speed zones like hospitals, schools or residential places leading to causalities and more deaths on the roads. Hence the speed of the vehicles is to be regulated and confined to the l...