Maize (Zea mays L.) is the staple diet of the native peasants in the Quechua region of the Peruvian Andes who continue growing it in small plots called chacras following ancestral traditions. The abundance and structure of bacterial communities associated with the roots of amilaceous maize has not been studied in Andean chacras. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to describe the ...

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are generated in the plant cell during the extreme stress condition, which produces toxic compounds after reacting with the organic molecules. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes play a significant role to detoxify these toxins and help in excretion or sequestration of them. In the present study, we have cloned 1023 bp long promoter region of tau clas...

Bacteriophage T7 gp4 serves as a model protein for replicative helicases that couples deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) hydrolysis to directional movement and DNA strand separation. We employed single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer methods to resolve steps during DNA unwinding by T7 helicase. We confirm that the unwinding rate of T7 helicase decreases with increasing base pair...

An enzyme hydrolyzing diadenosine 5',5"'P1, P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) to AMP and ATP has been purified to apparent homogeneity from mouse liver cell extracts. The isolation procedure comprised ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on Sephadex G-75. DEAE-cellulose, blue Sepharose and AMP-Sepharose. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain with a native Mr = 64,000 with a Km of 1.66 micro...

Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form a conserved family found in all eukaryotes and are essential for DNA replication. They exist as heteromultimeric complexes containing as many as six different proteins. These complexes are believed to be the replicative helicases, functioning as hexameric rings at replication forks. In most archaea a single MCM protein exists. The protein from Met...

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses such as herpesviruses and bacteriophages infect by delivering their genetic material into cells, a task mediated by a DNA channel called "portal protein." We have used electron cryomicroscopy to determine the structure of bacteriophage P22 portal protein in both the procapsid and mature capsid conformations. We find that, just as the viral capsid undergoes ma...

The encapsidated genome in all double-strand DNA bacteriophages is packaged to liquid crystalline density through a unique vertex in the procapsid assembly intermediate, which has a portal protein dodecamer in place of five coat protein subunits. The portal orchestrates DNA packaging and exit, through a series of varying interactions with the scaffolding, terminase, and closure proteins. Here, ...

An enzyme hydrolyzing diadenosine 5’,5”’-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) to AMP and ATP has been purified to apparent homogeneity from mouse liver cell extracts. The isolation procedure comprised ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on Sephadex G75, DEAEhellulose, blue Sepharose and AMP-Sepharose. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain with a native M, = 64,000 with a K,,, of 1.66 PM an...

The bacterial communities of activated sludge from nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in three cities in China were examined using high-throughput MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that there were 57 genera of bacterial populations commonly shared by all nine systems, including Ferruginibacter, Dechloromonas, Zoogloea, Gp4, Gp6, etc., indicating that there was a core microbial ...