Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) from several protozoan parasites are thought to elicit a detrimental stimulation of the host innate immune system aside their main function to anchor surface proteins. Here we analyzed the GPI biosynthesis of an avirulent Toxoplasma gondii type 2 strain (PTG) by metabolic radioactive labeling. We determined the biological function of individual GPI species i...

Procyclins are abundant, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the surface of procyclic (insect) form trypanosomes. To investigate whether trypanosomes are able to survive without a procyclin coat, all four procyclin genes were deleted sequentially. Bloodstream forms of the null mutant exhibited no detectable phenotype and were able to differentiate to procyclic forms. Initial...

Genesis Potential Indices (GPIs) link the occurrence of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) to large-scale environmental conditions favorable for TC development. In last few decades, they have been routinely used as a way overcome limitations climate models (GCM), whose resolution is too coarse produce realistic TCs. Recently, first GCM ensemble with high enough horizontal realistically reproduce TCs was m...

OBJECTIVE To compare the mesiodistal root angulation of panoramic images generated from traditional panoramic tomography or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS CBCT scans and panoramic radiographs of 20 patients were collected. The Invivo- Dental 5.0 was separately applied for maxillary or mandibular panoramic image generation. The generation method was assorted by two head position...

Lipid rafts that are enriched in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins serve as a platform for important biological events. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of these events, identification of co-clustering molecules in individual raft domains is required. Here we describe an approach to this issue using the recently developed method termed enzyme-mediated activation of radic...

This study examines how competitive market conditions shape the responsiveness with which businesses release generational product innovations (GPIs) following the introduction of GPIs by either competitors or complementary firms. GPIs are substantial technical advances in the performance of products within technology regimes. Prior studies of innovation timing in the organizational strategy lit...

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are membrane anchors for cell surface proteins of several major protozoan parasites of humans, including Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease. To investigate the general role of GPIs in T. cruzi, we generated GPI-deficient parasites by heterologous expression of T. brucei GPI-phospholipase C. Putative protein-GPI intermediates were deple...

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins are involved in many biological processes of a large variety of living beings and are of medical importance. The identification and analysis of the entire collection of free and protein linked GPIs within an organism (i.e., GPIomics) requires highly sensitive instruments. At present, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS or...

Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of malaria tropica in man. Biochemical studies were focused on the asexual, intraerythrocytic stages of E? falciparum, because of their role in the clinical phase of the disease and the possibility of propagation in a cell culture system. In this report, we describe the in-culture labeling of malarial glycolipids and the analysis of their hydrophilic...