Predator – prey interactions are often highly co-evolved, with selection over time for prey with morphological and behavioral traits that minimize predation risk. Consequently, in many environments prey choose among potential habitats according to their refuge value. It is unclear, however, when presented with new habitats, if prey are able to evaluate the predation risk of these relative to fa...

Species in the genus Gracilaria that display conspicuously flattened vegetative morphologies are a taxonomically challenging group of marine benthic red algae. This is a result of their species richness, morphological similarity, and broad phenotypic plasticity. Within this group, the Gracilaria domingensis complex is one of the most common, conspicuous, and morphologically variable species alo...

Crude extracts were prepared using the solvent ethanol from the seaweeds viz., Gracilaria edulis, Calorpha peltada and Hydroclothres sp. and screening for their antibacterial activity against six bacterial pathogens were also carried out. The test bacterial strains were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus c...

In this study, Gracilaria verrucosa, red seaweed has been used for production of agar and bioethanol. The algae harvested at various time durations resulted in extraction of ~27-33% agar. The leftover pulp was found to contain ~62-68% holocellulose, which on enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 0.87 g sugars/g cellulose. The enzymatic hydrolysate on fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced e...

Six species of the genus Hieromantis occurring in China are reviewed. Hieromantis rectangula sp. n., Hieromantis arcuata sp. n. and Hieromantis puerensis sp. n. are described as new, and Hieromantis phaeodora Meyrick, 1929 is newly recorded in China. Photographs of adults and illustrations of genitalia are provided, along with an identification key and a distribution map.

The genus Spatulignatha Gozmány is reviewed. Two new species are described based on the Chinese material: S. arcuata sp. nov. from Guangdong, Hunan and Yunnan, and S. longizonalis sp. nov. from Guangxi. The female genitalia of S. hemichrysa (Meyrick, 1910) and the female of S. idiogena Wu, 1994 are described for the first time, and the previously described female of S. hemichrysa by Gozmány (19...

A new species of the genus, Isopsera: Isopsera arcuata Nagar, Mal, Swaminathan sp. nov. (Orthoptera:Phaneropteridae Burmeister, 1838; Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838) is described. The holotype (♂) was collected from South India: Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu). The geographical location had the following specifications: 12⁰58 N 77⁰35E 930MSL South India. The described species differs from the two clo...

Industrial wastewater contain higher quantities of salts besides chromium (VI) ions, therefore, the effect of these salts on the adsorption of chromium (VI) should be studied. In this research, the batch removal of toxic hexavalent chromium ions from wastewater and aqueous solution using two different activated carbon marine algae Gracilaria (red algae) and Sargassum sp. (brown algae) were exam...

Alcoholic extracts of 8 different types of seaweeds from Iran's Persian Gulf were tested for their antimalarial and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibitory activities for the first time. A modified Ellman and Ingkaninan method was used for measuring AChE inhibitory activity in which galanthamine was used as the reference. The antimalarial assay was performed using microculture radioisotop...

Five different RNA extraction methods have been tried out on the red seaweed, Gracilaria changii collected from the mangrove area at Morib, Selangor, Malaysia. Two methods, one utilising guanidinium thiocyanate, and another using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), were found to be potential alternatives to obtain pure RNA. By incorporating sand while grinding the tissue, the method using C...