A bomb calorimeter is an apparatus used for measuring the performance of coal in term of heat of combustion. Recent awareness has been created regarding uncertainty of measurement, due to mainly two reasons. Laboratory accreditation, which has steadily been on the rise, which requires a estimation of uncertainty of measurement particularly in the field of calibration. Second, increased maturity...

This paper assesses the uncertainty of partial safety factors for design corroded pipelines against burst failure due to variability associated with strength model selection. First, 10 calibrated pressure prediction models are adopted and duly categorised under low-, medium- high-grade steel classes. The probabilistic characteristics pipe studied using Monte Carlo simulation selected models. Mo...

Page 2 1. Overview Page 10 2. Background Page 12 3. The differential calculus, sensitivity to errors and uncertainty Page 20 4. The notion of ‘differentials’ and ratio of differentials Page 27 5. The notion of a function Page 34 6. The exponential function Page 39 7. The natural logarithm Page 41 8. The derivative of the natural logarithm Page 41 9. The derivatives of some simple functions Page...

A social identity theory of leadership is described that views leadership as a group process generated by social categorization and prototype-based depersonalization processes associated with social identity. Group identification, as self-categorization, constructs an intragroup prototypicality gradient that invests the most prototypical member with the appearance of having influence; the appea...

in the open-pit mining, one of the first decisions that must be made in production planning stage, after completing the design of final pit limits, is determining of the processing plant cut-off grade. since this grade has an essential effect on operations, choosing the optimum cut-off grade is of considerable importance. different goals may be used for determining optimum cut-off grade. one of...

The GRADE system provides a framework for evaluating how risk of bias, publication bias, imprecision, inconsistency, and indirectness may reduce confidence in estimates of relative effects of interventions on outcomes. However, GRADE and all other systems for rating confidence in effect estimates do not fully address uncertainty in baseline risk and its impact on confidence in absolute estimate...

this paper empirically investigates the relationship between cpi inflation uncertainty, and private investment in the iranian economy from 1988 to 2010 by using quarterly data. we employ a bivariate var(5)-garch(1,1)-in-mean with diagonal bekk model to discover in a unified framework how are the interactions between the variables. in the model, conditional variance of inflation and private inve...