UNLABELLED  Background. Erythropoietin (Epo) and its cognate receptor (EpoR) have been recently identified in nonhematopoietic cells. Epo structural variants, which possess tissue protective effects while exhibiting no effect on erythropoiesis, appear to require a second distinct receptor component, the common βreceptor (βcR) of IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF for ligand signal transduction. The goa...

In our previous studies on the granulation of juxtaglomerular cells, we were impressed with several experiments in which a kidney was perfused with blood at a high pressure and had a striking decrease in the juxtaglomerular granulation (1). Conversely, in other situations where the pressure of the blood perfusing the kidney was reduced, the juxtaglomerular granulation tended to increase (1). Th...

Granulation is generally performed in a stirred vessel, by spraying binders onto row materials stirring the particles. However, the conventional granulation system has some problems. First, there are double peaks in the particle diameter distribution that degrade the quality of final products. Second, it takes too long time to determine the operating and producing conditions for a desired parti...

Information granulation and concept approximation are some of the fundamental issues of granular computing. Granulation of a universe involves grouping of similar elements into granules to form coarse-grained views of the universe. Approximation of concepts, represented by subsets of the universe, deals with the descriptions of concepts using granules. In the context of rough set theory, this p...

This paper investigates foam granulation in a twin screw extruder as a new continuous wet granulation technique for pharmaceutical powder drug formulations. Foamed aqueous binder has a reportedly lower soak-to-spread ratio than drop or spray liquid addition in batch granulation. This work demonstrates a twin screw extruder configuration for foam granulation and subsequently compares the new app...

The matrix tablets were prepared by using Eudragit L 100, Poly ethylene oxide and Carbopol 971 P. The granules of Zidovudine using above polymers were prepared by direct mixing, wet granulation with water and wet granulation with IPA. The granules were characterized for the morphological study, bulk density, tapped density and particle size distribution. The granules were compressed in to table...

Six upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were concurrently operated for 146 d to examine the effects of calcium on the sludge granulation process during start-up. Introduction of Ca at concentrations from 150 to 300mg/l enhanced the biomass accumulation and granulation process. The calcium concentration in the granules was nearly proportional to the calcium concentration in the feed,...

We propose to combine Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (Vanet) [1][2][3][4][5] and Granular Computing methods collaboratively to investigate the basic principles for knowledge granulation in traffic systems. We present here our achievements in determining fuzzy information granulation as localized distributed information granules within the system and we also present the identified different levels in...

This paper examines granulation structures for stratified rough set approximations. With respect to different level of granulations, various approximations are obtained. Two special types of granulation structures are investigated. A nested sequence of granulations by equivalence relations leads to a nested sequence of rough set approximations. A hierarchical granulation, characterized by a spe...