Rational offender models assume that individuals choose whether to offend by weighing the rewards against the chances of apprehension and the penalty if caught. While evidence indicates that rational theory is applicable to acquisitive crimes, the explanatory power for gratuitous non-fatal violent offending has not been evaluated. Lottery-type questions elicited risk attitudes and time preferen...

Many of the genes that control pattern formation in Drosophila encode mRNAs that are localized to discrete regions of the oocyte during oogenesis. While such localization is generally assumed to be important for the pattern-forming activities of these genes, this has been rigorously demonstrated in only a few cases. Here we address the role of mRNA localization for the dorsoventral patterning g...

The 2010s saw a revival of reactionary politics on college campuses, which now appear to have paved the way for contemporary right-wing culture-war talking points regarding K–12 education. Revanchist attitudes around race, as well gender and sexuality, can be linked White Americans’ affective attachments ideas historical entitlement, seen both in campus responses university art programming acts...

Systemic lupus erythematosus has myriad presentations. Symptomatic myocarditis and/or symptomatic autoimmune hepatitis associated with lupus are rare at presentation. Here we report a young Asian girl, who presented to us with features of symptomatic myocarditis and overlapping autoimmune hepatitis. She was eventually diagnosed to be harboring systemic lupus erythematosus, in whom rigorous mana...

The equal treatment of men and women under social security has been an issue of major interest in the Federal Republic of Germany for a number of years. Basically, the discussions have centered on three areas of social security: (1) Earnings sharing provisions between husband and wife for social security purposes; (2) equalization of treatment of survivors; and (3) gratuitous social security cr...

under article 267 of the civil code, a person who pays the debt of the other without his permission cannot recover the amount paid as the payment of debt in this situation appears to be gratuitous. nevertheless, in different codes, the legislator has permitted a third party to pay the debts of the others in some situations.. by carefully examining these cases, it can be said that anytime the th...