Policy-makers targeting reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have a variety of instruments at their disposal (emission taxes excluded). Policies implemented thus far such as the Kyoto protocol, EU’s Emission Trading Scheme, and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the US north-east, suggest that the preferred instrument is an emission quota per polluter. The prinicipal activity targ...

Sewage sludge is a considerable source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the field of organic solid waste treatment and disposal. In this case study, total GHG emissions from sludge anaerobic digestion, including direct and indirect emissions as well as replaceable emission reduction due to biogas being reused instead of natural gas, were quantified respectively. The results indicated that no...

This paper aims to study the characteristics of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from heavy-duty trucks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, which is located in Northern China. The multiyear emissions of GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) from heavy-duty trucks fueled by diesel and natural gas during the period of 2006–2015 were compared and analyzed. The results show that the GHG emissions from heavy-...

In light of concerns over climate change and the need for national inventories for greenhouse gas reporting, there has been a recent increase in interest in the ‘carbon foot printing’ of products. A number of LCA-based carbon reporting tools have been developed in both the agricultural and renewable energy sectors, both of which follow calculation methodologies to account for GHG emissions from...

Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are the main biogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) contributing to net greenhouse gas balance of agro-ecosystems. Evaluating the impact of agriculture on climate thus requires capacity to predict the net exchanges of these gases in a systemic approach, as related to environmental conditions and crop management. Here, we used experimental data sets from intens...

The State of California seeks to induce per capita reductions in regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation by setting modeling targets for regional transportation and land use plans. Key to the success of SB 375 are accurate, valid models which are capable of forecasting the effects of transportation and land use policies on future greenhouse gas emissions. Current models are ...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which use electricity from the grid to power a portion of travel, could play a role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector. However, meaningful GHG emissions reductions with PHEVs are conditional on low-carbon electricity sources. We assess life cycle GHG emissions from PHEVs and find that they reduce GHG emissions by 32% c...

GHG emission reduction is one of the key environmental problems for the sustainable development discussion in the 21st century, because it is closely related to energy use and bulk material flows. Concrete and binding targets for reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Annex-1 countries are now agreed to in the Kyoto protocol. Emissions in the European Union will be reduced by 8% in the...

Currently in many cities and rural areas of Vietnam, wastewater is discharged to the environment without any treatment, which emits considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG), particularly methane. In this study, four GHG emission scenarios were examined, as well as the baseline scenario, in order to verify the potential of GHG reduction from domestic wastewater with adequate treatment facilit...

The effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) on the growth of global warming, and increase of GHG and air pollutant emissions for energy production have forced the need of energy recovery which is normally wasted in industrial plant. The present research work focused on the GHG and air pollutant emissions reduction employing pressure waste energy recovery. Pressure break-down via Joule-Thomson valve i...