Abstract Partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss are essential parameters for the water balance region. Measurements rainfall, throughfall were made during growing season (from June to October) 2019. The objectives this study know contributions by secondary forest in assessing Popa catchment area investigate interceptive under different magnitudes. A tota...

the aim of this study was to compare rainfall interception (i) in a natural forest of fagus orientalis l. with a neighboring picea abies plantation in kelardasht area, the caspian forests, north of iran. to measure gross rainfall (gr), four manual collectors were installed in an open area adjacent to the forest sites and throughfall (tf) was measured using 20 collectors randomly located underne...

the underground temperature at a depth of about three to four meters is almost constant during the year. as a result in summer the underground is cooler than the ambient temperature. this potential is considered for greenhouse cooling by using an earth-to-air heat exchanger (eahe). in this research the effects of two parameters were investigated: a) the area of greenhouse in three levels of 9, ...

Buildings are major contributors of carbon emissions and related global warming. Emissions occur along all building stages, from a whole-life perspective, including material production, construction processes, operations, maintenance end-of-life processes. Upfront include processes before operations. They can be influenced immediately will have positive effect today. However, mitigation potenti...

This article describes an approach for comparing material intensity values residential buildings with different construction types. Based on the working drawings of types (wood and mineral), intensities are calculated at building level. Material describe materials used in a mass (tonnes (t)) relation to square meters (m2) gross floor area (GFA) or cubic (m3) volume (GV). The method determining ...