background: transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1) has been found to play a crucial role in early central nervous system development. several studies have illustrated decreased tgf-β1 levels in sera and brains of autistic children. two point mutations in the tgf-β1 signal peptide at 869t/c and 915g/c have been reported to influence tgf-β1 expression. the aim of the present study was to investig...

conclusions our study indicated that ace-d and vegf-g alleles can be an independent risk factor for microalbominuria in t2dm patients. results a total of 255 consecutive patients with t2dm and microalbuminuria (group a) and 235 patients with t2dm and normoalbuminuria (group b) were included in the study. in univariate analysis, the groups were statistically similar for all variables, except for...

Background: Cryopreservation of oocytes is an effective technology in assisted reproductive technology. Although successful vitrification of gametes has been reported in several mammalian species, the survival is generally low. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on preantral follicle development after vitrifi...

some criteria of density in beech saplings were studied in various forest associations (mainly galio odorati-fagetum typicum) growing in the submontane region near zurich (swiss central plateau). the sample plots were established in regeneration gaps resulting from swiss irregular shelter wood system (femelschlag). five sample plots, each 2x2m in 3 transects (a total of 15 plots in each gap, x ...

objective: growth differentiation factor 9b (gdf9b) is an oocyte-derived growth factor. this protein is essential for the development of ovarian follicles and acts mainly by binding to its receptor on the surface of granulosa cells. the effect of gdf9b on the growth of follicles in various developmental stages, particularly primordial and primary follicles, is unknown. thus the aim of this stud...

length weight relationships of vimba vimba persa were studied. for this purpose 174 fish samples were collected by gill nets, beach seine and purse seine from march through june 2008 at two guilan fisheries catch stations of guilan located in anzali- kiyashahr regions. samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory of fish biology at university of guilan for further analyses. length, we...

conclusions a fusion tag from the pet32 expression plasmid permits the recovery of the recombinant fusion fgf-2 from e. coli, without affecting its biological activity. objectives the objective of this study was to overexpress and purify the high-level active human bfgf in escherichia coli (e. coli). materials and methods this experimental study was conducted in the islamic republic of iran. af...

introduction: angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. cardiovascular endothelial factors are involved in diseases and vascular regulation.  stachys lavandulifolia belongs to the laminacea family and its hydroalcoholic extract is used as a traditional treatment to reduce pain and inflammation. the present study was conducted to ex...

vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf-a) is one of the most important regulatory factors in pathological and physiological angiogenesis. alternative splicing is a complicated molecular process in vegf-a gene expression which adds complexity to vegf-a biology. among all vegf-a exons, alternative splicing of exon 8 is the key determinant of isoform switching from pro-angiogenic vegf-xxx to ant...

transforming growth factor beta (tgf-b) is a mediator released by nearly all cell types. it has suppression activity on the immune system, but exactly how this effect is carried out is not clear. previous experiments showed that igg interacts with or carriers active tgf-b, that could suppresses cytotoxic t-cell responses to an immunogenic tumor in mice. since t cell receptor (tcr) has structura...