The so-called P ¤ model is frequently used or referred to in discussions of monetary targeting. This gives the impression that the P ¤ model might provide some rationale for monetary targeting or for the monetary reference value used by the Eurosystem. The P ¤ model implies that in‡ation is determined by the level of and changes in the “real money gap” (the deviation of current real balances fr...

The so-called P ¤ model is frequently used or referred to in discussions of monetary targeting. This gives the impression that the P ¤ model might provide some rationale for monetary targeting or for the monetary reference value used by the Eurosystem. The P ¤ model implies that in‡ation is determined by the level of and changes in the “real money gap” (the deviation of current real balances fr...

this paper tries to measure and analyze the trend of indicators of labor and capital productivity as well as total factor productivity (tfp) in the economic sectors introduced in the 4th five-year-development plan for the period within 1971-2003. according to the results, the productivity indicator throughout iran has increased 0/9% on average annually and the highest growth has been in the tel...

Official sub-national GDP figures in South Africa are usually published with long delays or not at all, i.e. relevant, reliable, and real-time economic data on a provincial local (municipal) level often non-existent, causing significant asymmetry the level. The search for an ‘optimal’ proxy regional growth focuses possible use of business confidence. This article, therefore, investigates confid...

The aims of this paper are to determine the reliability and validity of Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) scale as an instrument to measure the entrepreneurial attitudes among business students of higher education institutes of Malaysia. Initially, the EAO scale consisted of 75 items concerning 4 conceptual subscales: achievement in business (23 items), perceived personal control of bu...

Ecological indicators, historical land use, and invasive species detection in the lower Iowa River floodplain." MA has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for the Master of Arts degree in Geography at the May 2014 graduation.