this study was carried out to determine the effects of immunogen as a prebiotic on growth-related parameters and gut micro-flora in r. kutum fry. a basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with immunogen at 0, 1, 1.5, and 2 g kg-1 leading to four experimental diets.  fish were randomly distributed in 500 l fiberglass tanks (1×1×0.5 m). the experiment lasted for eight ...

The impressive variety of reactions that can be performed by the gut flora on both exogenous and endogenously-produced compounds justifies its status as a major site of metabolism, comparable to the liver (Drasar et al. 1970; Scheline, 1973; Walker, 1973; Drasar & Hill, 1974). Furthermore, one might expect that the capacity of the flora to adapt to metabolic pressure by altering its component o...

Obesity is a pandemic which has been rapidly developing for three decades. When a population is submitted to the same nutritional stress, some individuals are less susceptible to diet-induced weight gain and hyperglycemia. This observation suggests that other mechanisms are involved which are not directly related to the human genome. The human gut contains an immense number of microorganisms, c...

The human bowel is host to a diverse group of bacteria with over 500 different bacterial species contributing to this diversity. Until recently these bacteria were regarded as residents without any specific functions. The last two decades have seen a radical change in our understanding of the interactions between the gut flora and their eukaryotic hosts and there is a growing appreciation of th...

There's evidence to suggest that probiotics, prebiotics, and a high-fiber diet can help mange various illnesses. Here's how to translate gut flora research into practice.

Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr and F- strains were successively implanted in axenic chicks. Conjugation with exchanges of chromosomal genes occurred with high frequencies in the gut of the chicks and could continue as long as fertile strains coexisted in this environment. Almost all of the expected recombinant types were recovered in the feces under these experimental conditions. Furthermore, these ...

Bacterial distribution in different developmental stages of house fly Muscadomesticavicina revealed that in the majority of maggots and prepupae, the hemolymph is sterile. Fat cells and trachea are like-wise sterile. Bacteria was distributed through the digestive tract of immature stages of the fly. In larvae/ the largest bacterial count was found in the fore gut then the hind gut and lastly th...

In a young evolving science, there are always more questions than answers. That is also the situation in the emerging field of Probiotics, and this was made very clear at the International Probiotics Workshop in Amsterdam. In the report of this workshop, we present a selection of the most urgent questions in the field of probiotics. In addition, we propose a few strategies for the future of pro...

Commensal microorganisms are not ignored by the intestinal immune system. Recent evidence shows that commensals actively participate in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis by interacting with intestinal epithelial cells and delivering tolerogenic signals that are transmitted to the underlying cells of the immune system.