The attachment of biotin to a small molecule provides a powerful tool in biology. Here, we present a systematic approach to identify biotinylated analogues of the Hsp90 inhibitor PU-H71 that are capable of permeating cell membranes so as to enable the investigation of Hsp90 complexes in live cells. The identified derivative 2g can isolate Hsp90 through affinity purification and, as we show, rep...

Despite the near ubiquity of intertemporal choice, there is little consensus on rate at which individuals trade present and future costs benefits. We contribute to this debate by estimating discount rates from extensive data housing transactions spatiotemporal variation in property taxes England. Our findings imply long-term average net growth nominal that are between 3 4 percent. The close cor...

Existing studies of fiscal policy interactions are based on single equation models of either taxation or expenditures, without specifying the underlying social welfare function, without taking account of budget constraints and without allowing for cost differences between jurisdictions. Taking all this into account, we derive an extended version of the linear expenditure system (LES) with polic...

We estimate the sensitivity of Internet retail purchasing to sales taxes using eBay data. Our first approach exploits the fact that a seller’s location—and therefore the applicable tax rate—is revealed only after a buyer has expressed interest in an item. We document how adverse tax “surprises” reduce the likelihood of purchase and shift subsequent purchases toward out-of-state sellers. We then...

This paper examines the impact of the combined U.S. state and federal mortgage interest deduction (MID) on homeownership attainment, using data from 1984 to 2007 and exploiting variation in the subsidy arising from changes in the MID within and across states over time. We test whether capitalization of the MID into house prices offsets the positive effect on homeownership. We find that the MID ...

To what extent do bond market reactions to an unexpected deficit shock depend on state-specific politics? To answer this question, we calculate German state bond spreads over government benchmark paper using information from Datastream for the period 2006-2010. We test for a variety of institutional and political factors. We find evidence that investors base risk perceptions on state specific e...

We compare contrarian to conformist advice, a expert being one whose preference bias is against the decision-maker’s prior optimal decision. Optimality of an depends on characteristics information and learning. If either fully informed or fine can be acquired cheaply, then for symmetric distributions F state, (contrarian) superior if single peaked (bimodal). only coarse acquired, acquires more ...

BACKGROUND Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) has a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Considerable resources are consumed through health care consultations and prescribed treatment, despite evidence for little or no effect on recovery. Patterns of consultations and care including use of symptomatic medications and antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections are poorly descri...