OBJECTIVE To describe the profile and geographical distribution of reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the province of Hail, Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2013. METHODS Human data were collected from the dermatology service of both King Khaled and General Hail hospitals. RESULTS A total of 483 confirmed CL cases were investigated. Cutaneous leishmaniasis follows a seasonal distrib...

A new 10-category, polarimetric-based hydrometeor identification algorithm (HID) for C band is developed from theoretical scattering simulations including wet snow, hail, and big drops/melting hail. TheHID is applied to data from seven wet seasons in Darwin, Australia, using the polarimetric C-band (C-POL) radar, to investigate microphysical differences between monsoon and break periods. Scatte...

Hailstorms are considered to be among the most devastating weather manifestations. The devastation encouraged operational hail suppression activities to be undertaken in many countries (e.g. Ćurić,1990;Dessens,1998).“Hail suppression project” in Serbia uses the anti-hail rockets to inject the silver iodide agent into the hail clouds (one rocket has 400 g of mixture with 10-20% of AgI agent). Th...

37 A new ten category, polarimetric-based hydrometeor identification algorithm (HID) 38 for C-band is developed from theoretical scattering simulations including wet snow, hail, and 39 big drops /melting hail. The HID is applied to data from seven monsoon seasons in Darwin, 40 Australia using the polarimetric C-band C-POL radar, to investigate microphysical 41 differences between monsoon and br...

LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES INDICATE THAT THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO REBOUNDING COLLISIONS BETWEEN SMALL ICE PARTICLES AND HAIL. THE FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISM OF CHARGE SEPARATION HAS DEFIED EXPLANATION FOR MANY YEARS, BUT RECENT EXPERIMENTS OFFER NEW CLUES, LEADING TO A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE MICROPHYSICAL PROCESS. THE THEORY EXPLAINS THE SYSTEMATIC DEPENDENCE OF CHARGE...

The most important functionality of the hail suppression information system in Serbia is to enable timely and reliable detection of the formation of hail-containing clouds. Improvement of this functionality can be achieved by adequate visualization of air flow (wind) inside the cloud system. This was the motivation for implementing a 2D steady vector field visualization method, based on the str...

Satellite radar and radiometer data show that subtropical South America has the world’s deepest convective storms, robust mesoscale convective systems, and very frequent large hail. We determine severe weather characteristics for the most intense precipitation features seen by satellite in this region. In summer, hail and lightning concentrate over the foothills of western Argentina. Lightning ...

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is characterized by changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric convection in the tropical Pacific, and modulates global weather and climate1–4. The phase of ENSO influences United States (US) temperature and precipitation and has long been hypothesized to influence severe thunderstorm occurrence over the US5–11. However, limitations12 of the...