Objective- To describe the radiographic and ultrasonographic changes in the fetlock disorders indonkeys. Design- Descriptive study. Animals- - Twenty nine donkeys with clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic evidences of fetlock disorders and lameness were used in this study. Procedures- Clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic studies for donkeys have fetlock disorders and lameness were...

objectives: this study was designed to assess the changes of the mandible of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with or without extraction of four premolars. materials and methods: eighteen class i bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of four first premolars and retraction of anterior teeth and 18 class i non-extraction patients with a mean age of 16.38±0.4 years we...

The use of biomaterials to restore the function of traumatized or degenerated connective tissues and thus improve the quality of life of a patient has become widespread. In the past, implants were designed with insufficient cognizance of biomechanics. Accordingly, the clinical results were not very encouraging. An upsurge of research activities into the mechanics of joints and biomaterials has ...

Introduction: Mandibular continuity defects after pathologic resections or traumatic events are difficult cases for reconstruction. Defects involving both hard and soft tissue loss are more challenging, because of problems in soft tissue coverage. The role of the submental flap in this regard is presented.   Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study from the archived files of Ghaem Hospi...

background: this was a retrospective cephalometric study to develop a more precise estimation of soft tissue changes related to underlying tooth movment than simple relatioship betweenhard and soft tissues. materials and methods: the lateral cephalograms of 61 adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (31 = premolar extraction, 31 = nonextraction) were obtained, scanned and digitized befo...

AIM This randomized clinical trial evaluated clinical sign/symptoms as well as histological pulp reactions in terms of inflammation and mineralized bridge formation after partial pulpotomy of sound human premolars and placement of a bioceramic paste (iRoot BP) or tooth-colored ProRoot MTA as pulp-covering biomaterials. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four human sound premolars were randomly allocated into...