With the increasing demand of memories in system-onchip (SOC) designs, developing efficient yield-improvement techniques for memories becomes an important issue. Built-in self-repair (BISR) technique has become a popular method for repairing defective embedded memories. To allocate redundancy efficiently, built-in redundancy-analysis (BIRA) function is usually needed for designing a BISR scheme...

GPRS support nodes The GPRS support nodes constitute the parts of the Ericsson cellular system core network that switch packet data. The two main nodes are the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) and the gateway GPRS support node (GGSN). Figure 1 shows an example of the architecture of Ericsson’s GPRS solution in a GSM cellular network. GSNs are also used for GPRS domains within a UMTS or TDMA sys...

This paper presents techniques that enable the modeling and analysis of redundancy in remote monitoring and control systems. Hardware redundancy and software redundancy are both implemented in the proposed system organically. To model and analyze the redundancy, a formalism to derive Petri net (PN) model from state transition diagram is constructed and the monitor compatible condition is consid...

For constrained devices, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an attractive choice because it achieves the same level of security with a much smaller key size in comparison with other schemes such as those that are based on integer factorization or discrete logarithm. For security reasons, especially to provide resistance against fault-based attacks, it is very important to verify the correctne...

Abstract In general redundancy allocation problems the redundancy strategy for each subsystem is predetermined. Tavakkoli- Moghaddam presented a series-parallel redundancy allocation problem with mixing components (RAPMC) in which the redundancy strategy can be chosen for individual subsystems. In this paper, we present a bi-objective redundancy allocation when the redundancy strategies for...

As devices become more susceptible to transient faults that can affect program correctness, processor designers will increasingly compensate by adding hardware or software redundancy. Proposed redundancy techniques and those currently in use are generally applied uniformly to a structure despite non-uniformity in the way errors within the structure manifest themselves in programs. This uniform ...

Integrated circuits have been in constant progression since the first prototype in 1958. The semiconductor industry has maintained a constant rate of miniaturisation of transistors and wires, resulting in ever increasing speed, size and complexity of circuits. One challenge that has always been present is reduced yield due to production defects. A certain amount of chips must be scrapped becaus...

There are many methods on how to improve reliability of the system. One of the common methods is a concept of redundancy. Redundancy is simply the addition of information beyond what is needed for standard system operation. This information can be a physical value or electric signal, hardware element or subsystem, an application or software module. The concept of redundancy is based on Murphy’s...

With the advent of the smart grid, new challenges arise for electricity distribution. In particular, reliable power distribution will become evermore dependent upon information and communication technology (ICT). With this increasing dependency comes a need for a deeper understanding of the availability of those ICT components that maintain the power grid. This paper presents a study in which a...