The measurement of carbon isotope discrimination (∆) provides an integrated insight into theresponse of plants to environmental change. To investigate the potential use of ∆ for identifyingshade tolerance in rice, five rice varieties were selected and artificially shaded (53% lightreduction) during the grain-filling period in 2010 and 2011, in Sichuan, China. Shadingtreatment had a significant ...

Cultivated rice fields worldwide are plagued with weedy rice, a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). The persistence of weedy rice has been attributed, in part, to its ability to shatter (disperse) seed prior to crop harvesting. In the United States, separately evolved weedy rice groups have been shown to share genomic identity with exotic domesticated cultivars. Here, we inve...

For 10,000 years agriculture has been based on the strategy of conserving and enhancing genetic diversity. Humans have always this time domesticated and modified wild plants and animals, the gifts of nature’s biodiversity. According to Erna Bennett (former genetic resources expert to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN), ‘The patchwork of cultivation sown by man unleashed an explos...

Human kin cooperation is universal, leading researchers to label humans as "cooperative breeders." Despite widespread interest in human cooperation, there has been no systematic study of how household economic decision making occurs. We document age and sex profiles of task delegation by parents to children ages 4-18 among Bolivian forager-horticulturalists. We test for sex differences in the p...

The inconsistency of the Indian monsoon has constantly threatened country’s food production, especially key crops such as rice. Crop planning measures based on rainfall patterns during rice-growing season can significantly improve sustainable water usage for water-intensive This study examines variability monsoonal in rainfed and irrigated rice-cultivating regions to utilization irrigation wate...

the existing studies of threshing process of combine harvesters adopt the assumption of constant mass, which is contradictory to the phenomenon of separation of grains and short stalks in actual threshing process. therefore, the characteristics of threshing and separation are not accurately described. aiming at this problem, this study established the tangential-longitudinal threshing and separ...

The excessive amounts of cadmium and lead in food chain can cause health problems for humans and ecosystem. Rice is an important food in human diet. Therefore this study was conducted in order to investigate cadmium and Lead concentrations in seed rice (Oryza saliva) of paddy fields in southwest of Iran. A total of 70 rice seed samples were collected from paddy fields in five regions of Khuzest...

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2008 and 2009 to use guttation fluid as a physiological marker for the screening of more nitrogen efficient rice genotypes on the basis of relationship between Guttation Fluid (GF) oozed by leaf tip and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), grain yield (GY) and biological yield (BY) amongst five rice (KRH-2hybrid, Kasturiaromatic, Krishna Ham...

Rice cultivation generates large amount of crop residues of which only 20% are utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. In most developing countries especially southeast Asia, rice straw is used as part of feeding ingredients for the ruminants. However, due to its low protein content and high level of lignin and silica, there is limitation to its digestibility and nutritional value. To ut...

This paper presents a proposed expert to solve the problem of rice growers from seed to seed i.e from selection and sowing of varieties till harvesting of crop. Expert system is a collection of computer programs, developed for a particular area of domain that are capable of offering solutions or advices related to specific problem. An expert system is a problem solving & decision making system ...