Logical reasoning about program behaviours often requires dealing with heap structures as well as scalar data types. Advances in Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) offer efficient procedures for dealing with scalar values, yet they lack expressive support for dealing with heap structures. In this paper, we present an approach that integrates separation logic—a prominent logic for reasoning ab...

Heap leach operations typically employ some form of modelling and forecasting tools to predict cash flow margins and project viability. However, these vary from simple spreadsheets to phenomenological models, with more complex models not commonly employed as they require the greatest amount of time and effort. Yet, accurate production modelling and forecasting are essential for managing product...

Bioelectrochemical systems provide a promising tool for the copper recovery from heap leaching solutions which usually contain low and high iron concentrations. In this study, role of ferrous ion concentrations, external resistance in removal synthetic sulfuric acid by lab-scale Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) was investigated good results were obtained copper.

Bioleaching has been employed commercially to recover metals from low grade ores, but the production efficiency remains to be improved due to limited understanding of the system. This study examined the shift of microbial communities and S&Fe cycling in three subsystems within a copper ore bioleaching system: leaching heap (LH), leaching solution (LS) and sediment under LS. Results showed that ...

The feasibility of processing low-grade copper-nickel ores by heap bioleaching was investigated. It found that an iron-oxidizing strain acidophilic microorganisms, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, is effective in the leaching sulfide from deposits Russia’s Murmansk region. Sulfide mineralization studied mineral feeds described using methods X-ray phase analysis and optical microscopy. In process ...

Cause Cyanide poisoning of birds is caused by exposure to cyanide in two forms: inorganic salts and hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Two sources of cyanide have been associated with bird mortalities: gold and silver mines that use cyanide in the extraction process and a predator control device called the M-44 sodium cyanide ejector, which uses cyanide as the toxic agent. Most of the cyanide mortalit...

Heap leaching is a firm extractive metallurgical technology facilitating the economical processing of different kinds low-grade ores that are otherwise not exploited. Nevertheless, regardless much development since it was first used, process advantages restricted by low recoveries and long extraction times. It becoming progressively clear selection heap as an appropriate to specific mineral res...