Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an enveloped icosahedral capsid with a prime neutralizing epitope present in E protein domain III (EDIII). dimers are rearranged into five-fold symmetry of icosahedrons. Cholera toxin B (CTB) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) AB5-type was used as the structural scaffold for emulating pentameric axis EDIII. We produced homo-pentameric EDIII through genetic fu...

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT) were found to inhibit intracellular antigen processing. Processing was not inhibited by mutant LT with attenuated ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, CT B or LT B subunit, which enhanced presentation of preexisting cell surface peptide-class II major histocompatibility complex complexes. Inhibition of antigen processing correlate...

The Gram-negative type II secretion (T2S) system is a multiprotein complex mediating the release of virulence factors from a number of pathogens. While an understanding of the function of T2S components is emerging, little is known about what identifies substrates for export. To investigate T2S substrate recognition, we compared mutations affecting the secretion of two highly homologous substra...

Elaboration of different toxins by enterotoxigenic E. coli has been considered as one of the main virulence factors contributing to the manifestation of disease caused by these microorganisms. Various strategies have been employed to raise antibodies against these toxins as a line of defense. In this study, the 3’ terminus of the gene that codes for the binding subunit of the heat-labile entero...

We identified and characterized a gene encoding a homologue of the B subunits of cholera toxin (CTB) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) of Escherichia coli from a clinical isolate of Citrobacter freundii that was found to produce a factor in the culture supernatant that cross-reacted with antibodies to CTB and LTB when assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene encoding the E...

We have constructed a plasmid containing the gene for production of the B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-B) from a human isolate of Escherichia coli, strain H10407. The 0.8-kilobase gene fragment encoding synthesis of LT-B was cloned onto plasmid pBR322 after sequential digestion of the enterotoxin plasmid of strain H10407 with restriction endonucleases PstI and HindIII. LT-B was is...

Background: Rotaviruses (RV) are important viral diarrheal agents in calves. Vaccination is an optimum measure to prevent bovine rotaviruses (BRV) infection. However, little research on BRV VP7 vaccine has been done and currently there is no BRV vaccine. Objective: To prepare a subunit vaccine of BRV and investigate its efficacy. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from MA104 cells infected with b...

Previous studies of the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin, an NAD(+)-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase, suggested that a small amino-terminal region of amino acid sequence similarity to the active fragments of both cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin represents a region containing critical active-site residues that might be involved in the binding of the substrate NAD+. Other ...

The B subunit of the heat labile toxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LTB) was used as a model immunogen for production in soybean seed. LTB expression was directed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of seed storage parenchyma cells for sequestration in de novo synthesized inert protein accretions derived from the ER. Pentameric LTB accumulated to 2.4% of the total seed protein at maturity...

E. coli O157:H7, one of the major EHEC serotypes, is capable of developing bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and is accompanied by high annual economic loss worldwide. Due to the increased risk of HC and HUS development following antibiotic therapy, the prevention of infections caused by this pathogen is considered to be one of the most effecti...