In order to determine the energy needed to artificially dry a product, the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the product, hfg, must be known. Generally, the expressions for hfg reported in the literature are of the form hfg = h(T)f(M), where h(T) is the latent heat of vaporization of free water, and f(M) is a function of the equilibrium moisture content, M. But expressions of this type...

Anhydrous liquid ammonia has a boiling point of -33.35 C, which might suggest that it would be a difficult material to handle, particularly in light of the familiar noxious odor of the gas. However, owing to hydrogen bonding, liquid ammonia has a relatively high heat of vaporization (23.3 J/mol vs. 40.7 J/mol for H2O). Thus, if kept in an insulated vessel (e.g., a Dewar flask), its rate of vapo...

The heat of vaporization of a pure substance at its normal boiling temperature is a very important property in many chemical processes. In this work, a new empirical method was developed to predict vaporization enthalpy of pure substances. This equation is a function of normal boiling temperature, critical temperature, and critical pressure. The presented model is simple to use and provides an ...

thermal and radiative properties. Such work has generated great controversy, although it is arguably accepted today that the presence of nanoparticles rarely leads to useful enhancements in either thermal conductivity or convective heat transfer. On the other hand, there are still examples of unanticipated enhancements to some properties, such as the reported specific heat of molten salt-based ...