Crude oil is the major source of energy worldwide being exploited as a source of economy, including Oman. As the price of crude oil increases and crude oil reserves collapse, exploitation of oil resources in mature reservoirs is essential for meeting future energy demands. As conventional recovery methods currently used have become less efficient for the needs, there is a continuous demand of d...

The simultaneous extraction of oil and sand during the cold production of heavy oil generates high porosity channels termed “wormholes”. Wormholes grow in a 3D radial pattern within a certain layer of net pay zones, resulting in the development of a high permeability network in the reservoir, boosting oil recovery. Meanwhile, the development of wormholes causes reservoir pressure to fall below ...

This study addresses several questions concerning the peaking of conventional oil production from an optimist’s perspective. Is the oil peak imminent? What is the range of uncertainty? What are the key determining factors? Will a transition to unconventional oil undermine or strengthen OPEC’s influence over world oil markets? These issues are explored using a model combining alternative world e...

With the growing demand for energy and the depletion of conventional crude oil, heavy oil in huge reserve has attracted extensive attention. However, heavy oil cannot be directly refined by existing processes unless they are upgraded due to its complex composition and high concentration of heteroatoms (N, S, Ni, V, etc.). Of the variety of techniques for heavy oil upgrading, supercritical water...

Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is a potential technology for residual heavy oil recovery. Many heavy oil fields in Oman and elsewhere have difficulty in crude oil recovery because it is expensive due to its high viscosity. Indigenous microbes are capable of improving the fluidity of heavy oil, by changing its high viscosity and producing lighter oil fractions. Many spore-forming bacteri...

background and purpose: due to the lack of accurate statistics on the amount of waste generated in the energy production sector in zahedan, before any planning, one should identify all waste producing centers associated with the energy sector and also the quantity and quality of their waste in zahedan. materials and methods: this research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. it examined the ...

Crude oil contamination is one of the major environmental concerns and it has drawn interest from researchers and industries. Heavy oils contain 24-64% saturates and aromatics, 14-39% resins and 11-45% asphaltene. Resins and asphaltenes mainly consist of naphthenic aromatic hydrocarbons with alicyclic chains which are the hardest to degrade. Crude oil biodegradation process, with its minimal en...

Borehole magnetic resonance (MR) is routinely used to estimate the viscosity of light oil, even when it is mixed with water in the pore space of reservoir rock. However light oil methods are inadequate when oil viscosity is above several thousand mPa-s. There have been a number of publications relating magnetic resonance measurements to heavy oil viscosity, but the correlations proposed have no...