Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as the most common cause of female infertility that affects 4-10% of women in the reproductive age. Previous studies have shown the role of a balanced immune response in a successful pregnancy and fertility. Objective: To investigate the T helper cells type 1 (Th1) /Th2/Th17/Treg paradigms in peripheral blood of infertile PCOS compared ...

Over the past decade, it was widely accepted that some chemotherapeutic drugs can be combined with immunotherapeutic drugs in treatment of cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs can induce apoptosis in the tumor cell and at the same time stimulate the immune response. Several reports support the use   immunomodulators in treatment of cancers through regulating the immune response and boosting the micro...

Nuclear transcription factor B (NF-B) regulates innate and adaptive immunity functions mediates inflammatory responses by activating proinflammatory cytokine gene transcription. TNF inhibitors block the NF-B signaling pathway, thus reducing activity. The aim of study was to evaluate informativity NF-kB determination in lymphocyte populations children with bowel disease (IBD) psoriasis assess ef...

CD44 is a prominent activation marker which distinguishes memory and effector T cells from their naïve counterparts. It also plays a role in early T cell signaling events as it is bound to the lymphocyte-specific protein kinase and thereby enhances T cell receptor signalling. Here, we investigated whether IFN-γ and IL-17 producing T helper cells differ in their CD44 expression and their depende...

Helper and suppressor T-cell activities were detected simultaneously in the spleen cells of mice immunized with para-azobenzoate (PAB)-mouse gammaglobulin (MGG). Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific B cells were raised by immunization with DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used as the indicator B-cell population. The helper and suppressor T-cell activities were determined after adoptively transfe...

The cellular immune reactions to hapten-protein conjugates (in the generation of hapten-specific primary and secondary humoral responses) display a significant dependence upon carrier recognition (reviewed in reference 1). Experimental models, particularly the adoptive transfer of immunocompetent cells into irradiated hosts (2-5), have established that the cooperative interactions involved requ...

It has recently been shown that hapten-modified cultured Langerhans cells are able to activate small resting syngeneic L3T4+ T helper cells from nonsensitized animals. Repeated stimulation of these T cells with hapten-modified cultured Langerhans cells leads to the establishment of L3T4+ hapten-specific interleukin-4-producing T-cell lines. Here we report on further characteristics of primary h...

The murine model of leishmaniosis is a prototypic example for the critical role played by T helper cells in immunity to pathogens. Cytokines, such as interleukin-12 and interleukin-4, are the major regulatory factors for differentiation of naive T helper cells into T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells, respectively. T helper 1 cells, which are cellular immune mechanisms involving gamma interferon pr...

This study shows that induction of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells by vaccination with a specific viral T helper epitope, contained within a synthetic peptide, results in protective immunity against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II negative, virus-induced tumor cells. Protection was also induced against sarcoma induction by acutely transforming retrovirus. In contrast, no protective ...