Background: The blood-boosting spleen contraction represents a potential protective response to hypoxia by raising the blood gas storage capacity. Human spleen contraction has been observed during exercise, apnea and simulated altitude resulting in ejection of stored red blood cells into circulation. High-altitude exposure has been shown to increase spleen contraction suggesting that long-term ...

Common clinical findings associated with acute intestinal rupture include depression, sweating, reluctance to walk, tachycardia, fever, hemoconcentration with normoproteinemia, leukopenia, abnormal mucous membranes, elevated peritoneal fluid protein concentration, and abnormal peritoneal fluid color. Abdominal radiography and ultrasound can be useful diagnostic aids for identification of pneumo...

BACKGROUND The Heavy Horse Pull is a competition where teams of two horses pull an increasingly heavy sled for a short distance. Similar to human wrestlers, some horses may undergo rapid weight change in order to enter a lower weight category. The objectives were to study the physiological effects of this practice as well as of the pulling competition in draft horses. RESULTS Fifty horses wer...

In the course of studying the mechanism whereby Shiga toxin produces, visceral lesions, it became increasingly clear that the toxin produced its effects indirectly. Direct contact between the toxin and intestinal mucosa in dogs produced no lesions in the exposed loop (1). Certain anatomical peculiarities of the lesions pointed to a vascular component in the development of the structural changes...

The idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (ISCLS) is a rare disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of hypotension, hypoalbuminemia, and hemoconcentration, which is often misdiagnosed due to overlapping features with other diseases. Even though cerebral involvement is uncommon, a broad awareness is crucial, because of its life-threatening character.

Introduction: cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome (NS).We report a known case of NS with hemorrhagic thrombosis. Case report: A boy with previous history of NS was admitted with headache and decrease of level of consciousness and his brain images were revealed hemorrhagic thrombosis Conclusions: cerebral vein thrombosis must be considered in patients with...