A 45-year-old otherwise healthy male from an endemic region for Leishmania braziliensis infection in Bahia, Brazil, presented with three erosive hemorrhagic infiltrated plaques on the left shin accompanied with lymphadenopathy in the groin since one month. A Leishmania skin test performed on the left forearm was strongly positive (20 × 18 mm). Two days later, the patient felt sick and feverish....

We use a simple epidemic model that includes susceptible, infectious, reported, and recovered classes to model an outbreak of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC). Our model considers the impact of under-reporting and behavior changes on the transmission rate and is applied to a recent epidemic of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Mexico. Model parameters are estimated from a fit to the cum...

Recent phylodynamic studies have focused on using tree topology patterns to elucidate interactions among the epidemiological, evolutionary, and demographic characteristics of infectious agents. However, because studies of viral phylodynamics tend to focus on epidemic outbreaks, tree topology signatures of tissue-tropism pathogens might not be clearly identified. Therefore, this study used a nov...

A nationwide outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in Nepal during August to September 2003, which affected nearly half of the population. Sixty conjunctival swabs from AHC patients were collected at Tilganga Eye Center in Kathmandu. For the first time in Nepal, we demonstrated the etiologic viral agents of AHC, namely, Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v) by reverse transcr...

Emergency management is crucial to finding effective ways to minimize or even eliminate the damage of emergent events, but there still exists no quantified method to study the events by computation. Statistical algorithms, such as susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) models on epidemic transmission, ignore many details, thus always influencing the spread of emergent events. In this paper, we fi...

The clinical and aetiological findings are presented on 343 patients with clinical adenoviral conjunctivitis treated between July 1979 and July 1980 at 3 eye clinics in Sapporo. The age of the patients ranged from 12 days to 79 years, and the monthly incidence of the disease from 9 to 83, with clustering in the summer season. The aetiological diagnosis was established in 196 (57%) of 343 patien...

A 6-month-old female infant presented to our clinic with bilateral eyelid swelling, yellowish-white membranes under both lids, and mucoid ocular discharge. Her aunt had similar ocular problems that were undiagnosed. The conjunctival membranes were excised and histopathological investigation of these membranes showed ligneous conjunctivitis. Further, laboratory examination revealed plasminogen d...

In a selected group of 103 babies referred with neonatal conjunctivitis Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 11 and Chlamydia trachomatis from 33. Concurrent infection was present in three. On toddler sibling developed chlamydial conjunctivitis. After treatment C. trachomatis was re-isolated from six babies during the follow-up period. The discharge started one to three days after delivery i...

the objective of this study was to determine the most common type of pathogen causing conjunctivitis. out of 495 patients who referred to the zahedan eye clinic from may 22, 199 1 to october 22, 1992,296 cases were diagnosed as nonbacterial conjunctivitis. from the remaining number of cases, two patients had chlamydia and six patients had candida albicans, while the frequency of bacterial infec...