Liver cirrhosis is characterized by hepatic dysfunction with extensive accumulation of fibrous tissue in the liver. In response to chronic hepatic injury, hepatic portal myofibroblasts and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a role in liver fibrosis. Although administration or gene expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) leads to improvement in hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis, the rela...

The term minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) refers to the subtle changes in cognitive function, electrophysiological parameters, cerebral neurochemical/neurotransmitter homeostasis, cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and fluid homeostasis that can be observed in patients with cirrhosis who have no clinical evidence of hepatic encephalopathy; the prevalence is as high as 84% in patients with hep...

Few studies have examined the physiological/biochemical status of hepatocytes in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis in situ. Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) is a noninvasive technique that permits direct assessments of tissue bioenergetics and phospholipid metabolism. Quantitative (31)P MRS was employed to document differences in the hepatic metaboli...

Cirrhosis is among the leading causes of death worldwide, making up 3.5% global deaths. It characterized by replacement liver parenchyma with fibrotic tissue and progressively leads to complete failure organ. classified into 2 types – compensated decompensated based on complications such as esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, asterixis, ascites. The main contributors disease include inf...

Nonfocal liver biopsy may be required to diagnose or stage diffuse parenchymal dis• ease such as cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, hemachromatosis, and Wilson’s disease. Focal liver biopsy may be necessary to diagnose or stage primary or secondary hepatic • malignancy and to differentiate malignancy from benign hepatic m...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) on the hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-γ-lyase (H2S/CSE) pathway in cirrhotic rat livers. The rats were allocated at random into four groups: Sham, cirrhosis, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP). The expression of hepatic CSE mRNA was evaluated using a quantitative polymerase ...

In this study, the two-step PV method of immunohistochemistry was used to determine livin protein expression in HCC tissues, pericarcinoma tissues, hepatitis/hepatic cirrhosis tissues, and normal hepatic tissues, and livin protein expression was detected in the blood plasma of patients with HCC before and after surgery, subjects with hepatic cirrhosis and hepatitis, and healthy blood donors usi...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. The present retrospective investigation was conducted to characterize metabolic alterations in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy. We tested the hypothesis that reduced nutritional status or the degree of tissue catabolism are associated with the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. METHO...

BACKGROUND & AIMS We applied advanced magnetic resonance imaging and Voxed based Morphometry analysis to assess brain tissue density in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Forty eight patients with cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy (17 Child A, 13 Child B, and 18 Child C) and 51 healthy subjects were matched for age and sex. Seventeen patients had history of overt hepatic encephalop...

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a neuropsychiatric brain dysfunction in acute or chronic liver failure. Infection and inflammation have crucial role in its pathophysiology. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the relationship between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the encephalopathy induced with endotoxin in biliary cirrhotic rats. Methods: The present stud...