1. Cerebral-cortex mitochondria, after purification by using high-density sucrose solutions, were extracted with Triton X-100. The total hexokinase activity of the intact mitochondria was increased by 50-80% in the Triton extracts. 2. Triton X-100 was removed from mitochondrial extracts by a combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Mitochondrial hexokina...

Yeast hexokinase is a homodimer consisting of two identical subunits. Yeast hexokinase was inactivated by 2-aminothiophenol at 25 degrees C (pH 9.1). The reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics until about 70% of the phosphotransferase activity was lost. About 0.65 mol of 2-aminothiophenol/mol of hexokinase was found to be bound after the 70% loss of the enzyme activity. Completely inacti...

Interleukin-22 has been explored extensively in human cancer, but its functions and underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that aberrant interleukin-22 expression facilitates aerobic glycolysis in colon cancer cells. Elevated interleukin-22 mRNA expression was observed and positively correlated with hexokinase-2 in colon cancer tissues. In vitro, interleukin-22 enhance...

The complete amino acid sequence for the type I isozyme of hexokinase from rat brain has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA. The nucleotide sequence of 91 bases in the 5' untranslated region as well as that of the entire 3' untranslated region preceding the poly(A) sequence have also been determined. The N- and C-terminal halves of brain hexokinase show extensive sequence ...

An 11-yr-old child with mild chronic hemolytic anemia was found to have decreased red cell hexokinase activity in spite of the reduced mean age of her red cell population. Similar decreases in red cell hexokinase activity were documented in the patient's parents and in one sib. The red cells were morphologically normal. Red cell 2,3-DPG levels were normal and ATP and glucose-6-phosphate levels ...

Hepatic and diaphragmatic hexokinase (HK) activities increased in fetuses of rats developed under maternal hyperglycemic conditions, compared to those in normal controls. In those organs, Type I and Type II hexokinase isozymes were detected by electrophoresis and densitometry with a chromatoscanner. Densitometric peak that corresponded to hepatic and diaphragmatic Type II hexokinase was also in...

Mammalian hexokinase type I is a 100 kDa enzyme that has been considered to be evolved from an ancestral 50 kDa yeast-type hexokinase, insensitive to product inhibition, by gene duplication and fusion. According to this model, and based on many experimental data, the catalytic site is associated with the C-terminal half of the enzyme, although an allosteric site for the binding of glucose 6-pho...

In Part I1 of this study, the thermolability of lens hexokinase was implicated in the development of an experimental "hypoglycemic" cataract. After eight hours of glucose deprivation, there is a precipitous loss of lens hexokinase. This occurs approximately nine hours prior to the disorganization of the other enzymatic steps in glycolysis. Epithelial hexokinase, as an immediate response to gluc...

Hexokinase I in human erythrocytes exists in multiple molecular forms that differ in isoelectric points. By means of Western blotting and immunodetection of total glucose-phosphorylating activity by using an antibody raised in rabbit against homogeneous human placenta hexokinase I, a single protein band was detected. Identical results were also obtained by immunoaffinity chromatography of the p...

Several tissues from the calf eye were studied so as to determine the characteristics of the hexokinases in each tissue. The corneal stroma, sclera, and vitreous body are devoid of measurable hexokinase activity. The tissue specific activities decrease in the following order: retina, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, lens capsule-epithelium, corneal epithelium, and lens cortex-nucleus. Each ti...