Hidden process models are a conceptually useful and practical way to simultaneously account for process variation in animal population dynamics and measurement errors in observations and estimates made on the population. Process variation, which can be both demographic and environmental, is modeled by linking a series of stochastic and deterministic subprocesses that characterize processes such...

A Pop III/Pop II transition from massive to normal stars is predicted to occur when the metallicity of the star forming gas crosses the critical range Zcr = 10 −5±1 Z⊙. To investigate the cosmic implications of such process we use numerical simulations which follow the evolution, metal enrichment and energy deposition of both Pop III and Pop II stars. We find that: (i) due to inefficient heavy ...

Particle data from two geosynchronous satellites (Applied Technology Satellite 6 and SCATHA) show a normally hidden ion population appearing when the satellites are in the earth's shadow. Ion and electron data show the spacecraft potential dropping from +10 V in sunlight to +4 to +5 V in eclipse at local midnight, in low-energy (T < 1 keV) plasma sheet environments. During eclipse, a cold (T = ...

In 2005, almost 25 years after the emergence of the HIV pandemic among MSM in the United States, the first substantial report of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among a large group of MSM from Senegal was published in AIDS [1]. Although MSM received late recognition in the African HIV epidemic [2,3], Kenya was at the forefront in recognizing the vulnerabilities of this highly sti...

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background: more than a billion people have some form of disabilities worldwide. persons living with a disability have many needs (including physically, mentally, and socially needs). estimating the size of disabled population is a challenge in health systems. an innovative indirect method to estimate the size of populations is network scale up (nsu) having widely used for hidden populations. t...

Population models often require detailed information on sex-, age-, or size-specific abundances, but population monitoring programs cannot always acquire data at the desired resolution. Thus, state uncertainty in can potentially limit demographic resolution of management decisions, which may be particularly problematic for stage- size-structured species subject to consumptive use. American alli...