A stabilized finite element framework for high-speed compressible flows is presented. The Streamline-Upwind/Petrov–Galerkin formulation augmented with discontinuity-capturing (DC) are the main constituents of that enable accurate, efficient, and stable simulations in this flow regime. Full- reduced-energy formulations employed class problems their relative accuracy assessed. In addition, a rece...

The interactions between rocket exhaust plumes and the surface of extraterrestrial bodies during spacecraft landings involve complex multiphase flow dynamics that pose significant risk to space exploration missions. two-phase is characterized by high Reynolds Mach number conditions with particle concentrations ranging from dilute close-packing. Low atmospheric pressure gravity typically encount...