Roads threaten animal species through habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation, direct mortality. It is crucial to understand how respond linear infrastructure for effective conservation of communities in fragmented landscapes. We assessed relationships between amphibian abundance roads/ railways fragmentation. examined whether the combined effects loss roads or (accessible habitat) was a be...

Ground subsidence is one of the key factors damaging transportation facilities, e.g., road networks consisting of highways and railways. In this paper, we propose to apply the persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PS-InSAR) approach that uses highresolution TerraSAR-X (TSX) imagery to extract the regional scale subsidence rates (i.e., average annual subsidence in mm/year...

Abstract Important infrastructure such as highways or railways traverse unstable terrain in many mountainous and scenic parts of the world. Rockfalls landslides result frequent maintenance needs, system unreliability due to closures restrictions, safety hazards. Seismic activity significantly amplifies these negative economic community impacts by generating large rockfalls well weakening terrai...

Coastal flooding is an important current issue due to climate change and significant increases in anthropogenic pressures observed the second half of last century. Indeed, has been causing increase frequency intensity various natural events such as floods sea storms; have caused impermeable surfaces with negative consequences on vulnerability territories under action events. In this paper, we a...

Railways were the most important infrastructure development in India from 1850 to 1947. They were inter-connected with all aspects of Indian society. In terms of the economy, railways played a major role in integrating markets and increasing trade. Domestic and international economic trends shaped the pace of railway construction and the demand for the important traffic flows to the ports. In t...

When the railways were nationalized between 1906 and 1907, the skeleton of the nationwide trunk rail network was nearly completed, as mandated in the Railway Construction Act of 1892. At the end of 1907, nationalized railway lines in operation totalled 7,165 km. Construction continued and 2,677 km of line were added by the end of 1919. In addition to active line expansion, the first decade afte...

Railways were integral to the development of the Indian economy before World War I. In this paper, we present new estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) for railways from 1874 to 1912, which highlight the strong performance of this key industrial sector. We find railway-industry TFP growth to be substantial, averaging 2.5 percent per year and generating a 3 percent social savings for the ...

This article quantifies the value of U.S. highways. We develop a multisector general equilibrium model with many locations in United States (i.e., counties) and countries. In model, producers choose shipping routes subject to domestic international trade costs, endogenous congestion, port efficiency at transshipment points. Applying we find that removing Interstate Highway System reduces real G...

Geodetic support for construction and operation of high-speed railways requires high-precision geodetic work both at the stage during structure. separation network, being basis mainline construction, special care accuracy in measurements its creation. The analysis studies carried out this field shows their insufficiency or incorrectness, comparison current rules regulations documents contradict...