Ankle-foot orthoses are commonly used in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy to hold the foot in a position conductive to a more functional gait. This study, utilizing quantitative biomechanical techniques, evaluates the effects of a rigid ankle-foot orthosis and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis on spastic cerebral palsy gait. The subject was a 4.5 year old female diagnosed as spastic diplegic ...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Pd(2)(C(9)H(12)NSe)(2)Cl(2)]·0.5CH(2)Cl(2), contains two half-mol-ecules, each lying on a twofold axis; each mol-ecule is chiral and of the same enanti-omer. This is only possible as the mol-ecule has a hinged cis arrangement about the Pd(2+) coordination spheres. For this hinged dimeric structure, the angles between the two coordination planes in eac...

To investigate how motor sensation facilitates learning, we used a sensory-motor association task to determine whether the sensation induced by forced movements contributes to performance improvements in rats. The rats were trained to respond to a tactile stimulus (an air puff) by releasing a lever pressed by the stimulated (compatible condition) or nonstimulated (incompatible condition) forepa...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Pd(2)(C(9)H(12)NTe)(2)Cl(2)]·0.5CH(2)Cl(2), contains two half-mol-ecules, each lying on a twofold rotation axis; each mol-ecule is chiral and of the same enanti-omer. This is only possible as the mol-ecule has a hinged cis arrangement about the Pd(2+) coordination spheres. For this hinged dimeric structure, the angles between the two coordination plan...

Two 3d-4f heterometallic compounds of p-tert-butylsulfinylcalix[4]arene were synthesized by the solvothermal method and characterized by some hinged double-dumbbell-like subunits in which two perpendicular dumbbell entities were constructed by an in-between isosceles triangle Mn(II)Ln(III)(2), and two tail-to-tail calixarene molecules, and hinged by the lanthanide-sulfinyl group bonding. The ma...

Rats undergoing extinction of lever-pressing for food after the attenuation of an external feedback for this behavior, exhibit excessive lever-pressing unaccompanied by an attempt to collect a reward, which may be analogous to the excessive and unreasonable behavior seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Given that one of the most salient features of OCD is its selective response to treat...

This paper presents design modification to the existing standard wheelchair by incorporating an improved propulsion system and also braking and tilting systems that allow its full control with only one hand. The proposed design has the propulsion system with a chain drive powered through a four-bar linkage driven by the main handle. The desired direction of motion is obtained by moving the leve...

Animations are discussed for a range of geometric dissections. These include a variety of twist-hinged dissections, some swing-hinged dissections, dissections of squares and cubes corresponding to a certain integer identities, folding dissections of multi-level regular polygons, and folding dissections of multi-level polyominoes. Artistic issues pertaining to these dissections and animations ar...

Lever pressing by three rhesus monkeys was maintained under a two-lever concurrent schedule of cocaine reinforcement. Responding on one lever (constant-dose lever) produced a constant dose of 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg/injection arranged according to a variable-interval 1-min schedule. Responding on the other lever (variable-dose lever) produced a comparison dose of cocaine (0.013 to 0.8 mg/kg/injection...

PURPOSE To identify the characteristics of static standing balance and its postural control mechanisms during quiet side-by-side standing and the changes in these measures whilst wearing hinged ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one children with bilateral spastic CP (6.10 +/- 1.09 year-old) and 22 typically developi...