introduction: stress is defined as any environmental change that disturbs the maintenance of brain homeostasis. stress leads to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that provoke neurodegenerative disorders. in the present study, we investigated the effects of dalteparin on hippocampal neuronal death induced by chronic stress in rats. methods: the study was carried out on 60 adult male wista...

Introduction: Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) is a propagating wave of neural and glial cell depolarization with important role in several clinical disorders. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a potential tool with preventive treatment effects in psychiatric and neuronal disorders. In this paper, we study the effects of rTMS on CSD by using behavioral and histological a...

background: memory impairment is a well-known effect of many benzodiazepine compounds which is mediated through their action on gamma-aminobutyric acid type a (gabaa) receptors. on the other hand, cannabinoids can affect learning and memory process through presynaptic modulation of the release of both excitatory glutamate and inhibitory gaba transmitters in brain regions involved in learning an...

Introduction: Many studies have shown that amygdala kindling produces synaptic potentiation by induction of changes in the neuronal electrophysiological properties and inward currents both in epileptic focus and in the areas which are in connection with the epileptic focus and have important role in seizure development and progression such as hippocampal CA1 region. However, cellular mechani...

For animals that live in social groups, the ability to recognize conspecifics is essential. Recent studies of both human patients and animal models have vigorously sought discern precise mechanisms by which hippocampal neurons neural circuits contribute encoding, consolidation, storage, retrieval memory. In particular, optogenetic manipulation enables us investigate presence memory engrams. We ...

Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in several regions of the brain. In this lecture, a new sight for the role of the dentate gyrus and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in anxiety disorders will be discussed. The region that has obtained the most attention for its involvement in the neurogenesis of affective and anxiety disorders are the hippocampal and dentate gyrus. Evidence strongly suggests t...

MicroRNAs are involved in regulation of the central nervous system (CNS) development, and miR-181d highly expressed mature neurons. CREB is many signal pathways converged point hippocampal neurons, it plays a crucial role learning memory. In this study, we detected negative relationship between CREB1 protein expression lewis rat hippocampus development. And bioinformatic analysis showed that, m...

Background: Primary cultures of embryonic neurons have been used to introduce a model of neurons in physiological and pathological conditions. However, age-related cellular events limit this method as an optimal model in adult neurodegenerative diseases studies. Besides, short-interval changing media in previous cultures decreases the effectiveness of this model. As an example of this matter, w...

background exposure to morphine decreases neurogenesis in the hippocampus. recent studies have shown that voluntary running decreases the severity of anxiety behaviors and cognitive deficits, and increased synaptic plasticity in morphine-dependent rats. objectives this study aimed to investigate whether the morphine dependence-induced attenuation of hippocampal neuron number in rats would be re...