INTRODUCTION Breath-holding spells (BHSs) are involuntary pauses of breathing, sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness. They usually occur in response to an upsetting or surprising situation. Breath-holding spells are usually caused by either a change in the usual breathing pattern or a slowing of the heart rate. In some children, BHSs may be related to iron deficiency anemia. The aim of...

Historical background and past knowledge: The earliest reference to BHS, then referred to as infantile form of temper tantrums or infantile syncope, were made by Rillet and Barthezin in 1843, and by Meigsin in 1848. Subsequently in the 20th century, various authors published their clinical viewpoints on its pathophysiology and prognostic significance. Based on the color change demonstrated by t...

This study attempted to determine noninvasively whether a dysregulation of autonomic reflexes exists in children with breath holding spells (BHS). Fifty children between 13 to 47 months of age who had experienced BHS were evaluated at a time when they stopped having spells, for autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The results were compared with the test results of control group of 100 no...

Aim: This study aimed to examine the vitamin D levels in children who experience breath-holding spells (BHS) and compare these with those of a healthy control group. The goal was establish connection between BHS levels.
 Method: records 98 patients, presented Pediatric Neurology Cardiology polyclinics Adıyaman University Training Research Hospital December 2019 October 2022, were retrospec...

Pallid breath-holding (PBH) is a childhood condition that presents with recurrent syncope. Although typically benign, severe cases can lead to asystole and anoxic seizures. Previous studies have advocated pacemaker placement to abbreviate symptoms. This was a retrospective study of patients treated with fluoxetine for PBH spells. Clinical response, side effects and avoidance of pacemaker implan...

Objective: Cardiovascular changes are related to some of epilepsy disorders such as seizures and breath holding. The study objective was evaluate ECG findings in breath-holding febrile convulsion compared healthy individuals. Methodology: This Cross-sectional conducted on 270 children 90 with convulsion, patients 2019. Electrocardiography parameters of; QT interval, dispersion QT, corrected QTc...

OBJECTIVE Breath holding spells (BHS) are common paroxysmal non-epileptic events in the pediatric population which are very stressfull despite their harmless nature. There has been no specific treatment found for the spells yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of piracetam (2-oxo-l-pyrrolidine) on these children. MATERIALS & METHODS In this randomized double blind clinical ...