In some black hole solutions, these do not exist the same energy-momentum complexes associated with using definition of Einstein and Møller in given coordinates. Here, we consider the difference of energy between the Einstein and Møller prescription, and compare it with the energy density of those black hole solutions. We found out a special relation between the difference of energy between the...

We derive the black hole mass density as a function of redshift from the hard X-ray AGN luminosity function assuming that massive black holes grow via accreting the circumnuclear gases. The derived black hole mass density matches the measured local black hole mass density at z = 0, which requires the average radiative efficiency of AGNs to be ∼ 0.1 − 0.17. The massive black holes in most faint ...

We evaluate the Brownian motion of a massive particle (“black hole”) at the center of a galaxy using Nbody simulations. Our galaxy models have power-law central density cusps like those observed at the centers of elliptical galaxies. The simulations show that the black hole achieves a steady-state kinetic energy that is substantially different than would be predicted based on the properties of ...

We have used resonant soft x-ray scattering to study the effects of discommensuration on the hole Wigner crystal (HC) in the spin ladder Sr(14-x)CaxCu24O41 (SCCO). As the hole density is varied the HC forms only with the commensurate wave vectors L(L) = 1/5 and L(L) = 1/3; for incommensurate values it "melts." A simple scaling between L(L) and temperature is observed, tau1/3/tau1/5 = 5/3, indic...

The electronic charge density and the expectation of any monoelectronic operator can be reconstructed by a density-weighted integral of the exchange-correlation hole. This property can be used to test and improve approximate holes that are not spherically averaged. As an example, we test the Becke–Roussel exhange-hole model in its nonspherical formulation on small atoms, finding that it accurat...

The structure and dynamics of marine communities are regulated in part by variation in recruitment. As in other ecosystems, recruitment at deep-sea hydrothermal vents is controlled by the interplay of propagule supply and behavior, gradients in physical– chemical conditions, and biotic interactions during preand post-settlement periods. Recent research along the East Pacific Rise indicates that...

First-principles derivation is given for the heuristic exchange-hole model of London dispersion forces by Becke and Johnson [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 154104 (2005)]. A one-term approximation is used for the dynamic charge density response function, and it is shown that a central nonempirical ingredient of the approximate nonexpanded dispersion energy is the charge density autocorrelation function, a...

UNLABELLED We report the observation of thermal annealing- and nitrogen-induced effects on electronic transport properties of as-grown and annealed n- and p-type modulation-doped Ga1 - xInxNyAs1 - y (x = 0.32, y = 0, 0.009, and 0.012) strained quantum well (QW) structures using magnetotransport measurements. Strong and well-resolved Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) oscillations are observed at magnetic ...

In a semiconductor either electrons or holes typically dominate as dictated by the concentration of ionized dopants, and the nomenclature is n type for electrons dominating and p type for holes. Minority carriers are therefore holes in n type and electrons in p type. Electron-hole pair generation is a local disturbance from the equilibrium concentration. As electron hole pairs are formed, the d...