We report dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and statistical thermodynamic theories of a lattice-polymer model, in which polymer crystallization and liquid-liquid demixing of semiflexible homopolymer solutions were investigated simultaneously. In our simulations, the equilibrium phase transition temperature was approached by the onset of phase transitions on cooling, when an introduced substrate g...

In 1897 Ostwald formulated his step rule for formation of the most stable crystal state for a system with crystal polymorphism. The rule describes the irreversible way a system converts to the crystal with lowest free energy. But in fact the irreversible way a supercooled gas below the triple point temperature Ttr.p. crystallizes via a liquid droplet is an example of Ostwald's step rule. The ho...

This review aims to provide an overview of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods and their potential use in inorganic analysis. Relevant applications to the determination of metal ions, metalloids and organometals are included. The phase separation mechanisms of these unconventional solvent extraction techniques are discussed. T...

A Bäcklund transformation(BT) and a recurrence formula are derived by the homogeneous balance(HB) method. A initial problem of Burgers equations is reduced to a initial problem of heat equation by the BT, the initial problem of heat equation is resolved by the Fourier transformation method, substituting various solutions of the initial problem of the heat equation will yield solutions of the in...

A simple method for the preparation of homogeneous molecular species of plasmenylcholine and plasmenylethanolamine was developed. The method utilized reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography to isolate homogeneous molecular species of plasmenylcholine prepared by acylation of lysoplasmenylcholine. Plasmenylcholine was directly converted to plasmenylethanolamine by transphosphatidyla...

Extent-based incremental identification uses the concept of extents and the integral method of parameter estimation to identify reaction kinetics from concentration measurements. The approach is rather general and can be applied to open both homogeneous and gas–liquid reaction systems. This study proposes to incorporate calorimetric measurements into the extent-based identification approach for...