One of the main limits of the current technology for the management of large plant is the lack of Vertical and/or Horizontal Integration of Information. Vertical integration refers to the need to integrate systems implemented at different administrative level of an organisation. Horizontal integration allows the user of large plant to execute very complex transformations on data coming from sev...

The continuing growth and decentralization of power networks creates immense interoperability and integration challenges for ICT systems performing control and coordination tasks. On the one hand, large amounts of data coming from low-level field and automation systems need to be interpreted, aggregated, and made available to the business information systems to inform local decisions within pow...

Tackling environmental problems demands the development of new modes of integrating policy regimes and institutional structures. Putative moves from government to governance, characterised by the diffusion of state power and duties from hierarchical state structures into multi-level and cross-sectoral networks, promise to open up opportunities for the vertical and horizontal integration of envi...

The Norwegian Military Academy (Army) has initiated a project with the main ambition to explore possible avenues to enhancing operational effectiveness through an increased use of simulation-based training and exercises. Within a cost/benefit framework, we discuss opportunities and limitations of vertical and horizontal integration of the existing tactical training system. Vertical integration ...

Introduction: General medical education starts with basic sciences whichusually continue about 2.5 to 3 years. In this period, the students study basic medical sciences and then start the clinical stage in which they deal with diagnoses, care, and cure of disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the integration of basic sciences period with the clinical period at Shiraz University of Me...

This paper presents a service integration model through a study of major for-profit online communities in both North America and China. Our study examines various types of communities and proposes particular means by which these communities might integrate their services with each other. Three integration strategies are identified: vertical integration, horizontal integration, and hybrid integr...

Path integration is a process in which self-motion is integrated over time to obtain an estimate of one's current position relative to a starting point (1). Humans can do path integration based exclusively on visual (2-3), auditory (4), or inertial cues (5). However, with multiple cues present, inertial cues - particularly kinaesthetic - seem to dominate (6-7). In the absence of vision, humans ...

Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 Integration – The Need and the Opportunity .............................................................................. 1 Overcoming Impediments to Integration .................................................................................... 7 Secu...

In this paper, we consider multiproduct supply chains of distinct firms and their horizontal integration. In particular, we develop multiproduct supply chain network models prior to and post their horizontal integration with explicit capacities associated with the economic activities of production, storage, and distribution. In addition, we propose a measure, which allows one to quantify and as...

The new integrated outcomes-based curriculum for dentistry was introduced at the University of Pretoria in 1997. The first participants graduated at the end of 2001. Educational principles that underpin the new innovative dental curriculum include vertical and horizontal integration, problem-oriented learning, student-centred learning, a holistic attitude to patient care and the promotion of or...