INTRODUCTION: The drugs available for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment in Brazil have specific characteristics in terms of operability, effectiveness, toxicity, and cost. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct costs of therapies recommended by the Ministry of Health (MH) for VL treatment in Brazil. METHODS: The analytical perspective used was that adopted by the Brazilian Publ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In spite of different reforms and programs, the evidence indicates that Iran dental health sector has not been able to improve the dental situation and decrease the unmet needs. This study assessed the factors which affect the avoiding dental visit during one year ago because of its costs.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1158 household heads which were se...

In this study, the effect of socioeconomic variables on provincial bread demand using the QUAIDS model has been investigated. In this model, socioeconomic variables such as age, gender and marital status of the head of household, the education level of the head of household and spouse’s head of household, household size, and occupation status of the head household have been used. The virtual va...

The Bus Reform policy known as Trans Koetardja was adopted and implemented in Banda Aceh of Indonesia early 2018 to promote bus ridership specifically mitigate the dependency on private means transportation. This system is presently being run a trial free service charge through subsidy provided by government with amount spent projected escalate year 2020 due expansion number lines. There is, ho...

The socioeconomic impacts of foot and mouth disease (FMD) during 2011-12 outbreaks on large ruminant smallholders in Laos were investigated, including examination of data on gender, household financial status and farmer husbandry practices. A mix of participatory tools and survey questionnaires at the village and household level, respectively, were conducted, involving individual farmer intervi...