weichang’an (wca) pill, a traditional chinese patent medicine consisting of ten chinese medicinal herbs, has been used to treat irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia for several decades. in this study, twelve bioactive constituents in the methanol extract of wca were accurately identified since ms/ms fragmentation behavior of the references and the standards by using hplc-dad-esi-ms...

Saponins in Platycodi Radix (platycosides) exhibit potent biological activities in mammalian systems, including several beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-obesity activities. In this study, we developed a new HPLC separation coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) for the simultaneous quantitative determination of ten major saponins in Plat...

chinese jujube (ziziphus jujuba mill.) has long been widely used for human consumption and medicinal purposes in china. it has been reported to possess several vital biological activities. however, the systematic study on the chemical constituents absorbed into plasma and their metabolites is still insufficient. a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-electrospray ion...

Background. Peptides are important components of foods mainly due to their biological activity. The basic method of their identification is reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS). Retention time (tR) prediction in silico is very helpful in analysis of multicomponent peptide mixtures. One of problems associate...

Relative quantification of multi-components in complex mixture is significantly affected by the ionization variance caused by mobile phase composition in high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyses. The normalization methods for eliminating the variance are still less investigated. Herein, the mobile-phase compensation (MPC) metho...

Over many years, parts of Panax ginseng (root and rhizome) have been identified and applied for medical purposes as traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Recently, research has indicated that ginseng fruit also contains similar compounds and is as rich as the other parts of the ginseng. This discovery may dramatically improve the efficient of outputs derived from ginseng products. Here, a new te...

Markov state models (MSMs) have become the tool of choice to analyze large amounts of molecular dynamics data by approximating them as a Markov jump process between suitably predefined states. Here we investigate "Core Set MSMs," a new type of MSMs that build on metastable core sets acting as milestones for tracing the rare event kinetics. We present a thorough analysis of Core Set MSMs based o...