Abstract Myeloid cells comprising up to 50% of total tumor mass in glioblastoma (GBM) contribute progression and immunosuppression. Restraining glioma-induced myeloid cell infiltration increases functional T within the tumors, improves efficacy checkpoint blockade, significantly extends mouse survival. Here, we focus on an ion channel, voltage-gated proton channel Hv1, which is mainly expressed...

Numts are fragments of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that have been translocated to the nucleus, where they can persist while their mitochondrial counterparts continue to rapidly evolve. Thus, numts represent 'molecular fossils' useful for comparison with mitochondrial variation, and are particularly suited for studies of the fast-evolving hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial control region (...

Proton efflux via voltage-gated proton channels (Hv1) is considered to mediate the charge compensation necessary to preserve NADPH oxidase activity during the respiratory burst. Using the Hv1 inhibitor Zn(2+), we found that the PMA-induced respiratory burst of human neutrophils is inhibited when assessed as extracellular production of O2(-) and H2O2, in accordance with literature studies, but, ...

The voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) is homologous to the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels but lacks a separate pore domain. The Hv1 monomer has dual functions: it gates the proton current and also serves as the proton conduction pathway. To gain insight into the structure and dynamics of the yet unresolved proton permeation pathway, we performed all-atom ...

Recent studies have shown high usage of the IGHV1-69 germline immunoglobulin gene for influenza hemagglutinin stem-directed broadly-neutralizing antibodies (HV1-69-sBnAbs). Here we show that a major structural solution for these HV1-69-sBnAbs is achieved through a critical triad comprising two CDR-H2 loop anchor residues (a hydrophobic residue at position 53 (Ile or Met) and Phe54), and CDR-H3-...

IGHV polymorphism provides a rich source of humoral immune system diversity. One important example is the IGHV1-69 germline gene where the biased use of alleles that encode the critical CDR-H2 Phe54 (F-alleles) to make broadly neutralizing antibodies (HV1-69-sBnAb) to the influenza A hemagglutinin stem domain has been clearly established. However, whether IGHV1-69 polymorphism can also modulate...

The properties of microglia largely differ depending on aging as well brain regions. However, there are few studies that investigated the functional importance such heterogeneous at molecular level. Voltage-gated proton channel, Hv1/VSOP, could be one candidates which confers heterogeneity among since it regulates oxidative stress in age-dependent manner. In this study, we found Hv1/VSOP shows ...

In the field of forensic DNA testing, sequencing regions of the mitochondrial genome is performed when insufficient genomic DNA is present for traditional autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) testing. Sequencing coding region polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome can be useful for resolving individuals who have the identical HV1 and HV2 control region sequence. Various methods and strategies...

Let us assume the production is equal to the need. We can then represent each by a measure : for instance, if Ω stands for the whole country, we can denote by μ(A) the share of the goods being made in the regionA ⊂ Ω, and by ν(B) the share of the needs arising in the region B ⊂ Ω. And any supply plan can be represented by a joint measure γ on Ω × Ω, such that γ(A × B) is the share of the goods ...