BACKGROUND Calcium phosphate (CaP)-hybridization of tendon grafts has been shown to improve tendon-to-bone healing. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of different tendon graft placement methods on tendon-to-bone healing using CaP-hybridized tendon grafts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions in rabbits. METHODS We compared two methods of tendon graft placeme...

Surface waters along the Kalamazoo River, USA, were examined for occurrence and population trends of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) with culture-based and culture-independent methods. The two methods recorded discrepancies in FIB counts, with the culture-independent method revealing more consistent numbers between the river sites. FIB cells that hybridized with the ECO1482 probe were highest in...

We have developed DNA microarray techniques for studying Corynebacterium glutamicum. A set of 52 C. glutamicum genes encoding enzymes from primary metabolism was amplified by PCR and printed in triplicate onto glass slides. Total RNA was extracted from cells harvested during the exponential-growth and lysine production phases of a C. glutamicum fermentation. Fluorescently labeled cDNAs were pre...

background and objectives: molecular epidemiology tools are widely used in determining epidemiology of tuberculosis. spoligotyping is a molecular epidemiology method that is used for characterization and typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. the method is based on polymorphism of the chromosomal dr locus consisting of identical 36-bp drs alternating with 35-41 unique spacers. th...

In this work, we propose a method based on Genetic algorithm hybridized with Pattern Search for joint estimation of Amplitude and Direction of Arrival, azimuth as well as elevation angles using L-type array. Four other schemes, i.e., the Genetic algorithm, Pattern Search, Simulated Annealing and Simulated Annealing hybridized with Pattern Search are also discussed and compared with Genetic algo...

Resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) is mainly investigated with the objective of either minimizing project makespan or maximizing project net present value. However, when material planning plays a key role in a project, the existing models cannot help determining material ordering plans to minimize material costs. In this paper, the RCPSP incorporated with the material order...