increasing development of engineering projects construction such as city subway needs appropriate investigation, management and control of groundwater. therefore, precise estimation of hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductivity is the most important factor in studies and modeling of groundwater and geotechnical issues. in recent decades, various laboratory and field methods exist...

This report has been prepared as a part of the Agreement on Research Participation and Technical Exchange under the International Code Application and Maintenance Program. KS-i Test 35-1 data on the behaviour of the heated rod temperatures in the partially uncovered VVER Core model were simulated with RELAP5/MOD3.2 to assess the code, especially its non equilibrium (unequal phase temperatures) ...

In the last decades, numerical modeling has been developed as the common method to investigate solute transport in groundwater. Thereby in science, various numerical procedures have been applied for understanding complex processes of transport in highly heterogeneous aquifers. Beside this, numerical modeling of transport is also standard practice in engineering and consulting. The numerical app...

Analytical solutions for non-steady flow are an important aspect of mathematical modeling in all fields of computational science. An analytical solution provides an exact solution for a specific (simplified) test case, which then can be used to test and verify numerical solutions. Within soil physics, there has been a multitude of analytical solutions that model transient flow through onedimens...

Abstract In general two basic methods are used for controlling the velocity of a hydraulic cylinder. First by an axial variable-displacement pump for controls flow to the cylinder. This configuration is commonly known as a hydrostatic transmission. Second by proportional valve powered by a constant-pressure source, such as a pressure compensated pump, drives the hydraulic cylinder. In this stud...

A proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) controller is a generic control loop feedback mechanism widely used in multi-channel aircraft structural fatigue test. The PID parameter is obtained by test setup method in which PID is tuned after the test setup is actually performed, so that the tuning period becomes overlong. And the dynamic characteristic of mechanical and hydraulic equipment i...

Hydraulic machines used in mining and excavation applications are non-linear systems. Besides the nonlinearity due to the dynamic coupling between the different links there are significant actuator non-linearities due to the inherent properties of the hydraulic system. Optimal motion planning for these machines, i.e. planning motions that optimize a user-selectable combination of criteria such ...

Hydraulic machines used in mining and excavation applications are non-linear systems. Besides the nonlinearity due to the dynamic coupling between the different links there are significant actuator non-linearities due to the inherent properties of the hydraulic system. Optimal motion planning for these machines, i.e. planning motions that optimize a user-selectable combination of criteria such ...

Tractor hydraulic power is used on a wide range of agricultural implements; however, the availability of operational hydraulic data at points other than full engine throttle position is limited. Operators could utilize this hydraulic data to maximize field efficiency and minimize machinery costs when determining suitable machinery for field operations. A field usable hydraulic test apparatus ca...