Leaves are extraordinarily variable in form, longevity, venation architecture, and capacity for photosynthetic gas exchange. Much of this diversity is linked with water transport capacity. The pathways through the leaf constitute a substantial (>or=30%) part of the resistance to water flow through plants, and thus influence rates of transpiration and photosynthesis. Leaf hydraulic conductance (...

The term “hydraulics” is concerned with the conveyance of water that can consist very simple processes to complex physical processes, such as flow in open rivers, pipes, nutrients/sediments, groundwater sea waves. study hydraulics primarily a mixture theory and experiments. Computational helpful quantify predict nature behavior. mathematical model backbone computational consists equations linea...

In this paper, the cell-centered finite volume method (CC-FVM) has been presented to simulate the axisymmetric radial flow toward a pumping well. The model is applied to the unstructured triangular grids which allows to simulate inhomogeneous and complex-shaped domains. Due to the non-orthogonality of the irregular grids, the multipoint flux approximation (MPFA) methods are used to discretize t...

Remi A. Carmigniani1,†, Michel Benoit2, Damien Violeau3 and Morteza Gharib4 1Saint-Venant Hydraulics Laboratory, Joint Research Unit EDF – Cerema – Ecole des Ponts, 78401 Chatou, France 2Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors-Equilibre (IRPHE, UMR 7342), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France 3EDF and Saint-Venant Hydraulics Laboratory, Joint Research...

Water is the dominant ingredient of cells and its dynamics are crucial to life. We and others have suggested a physical picture of the cell as a soft, fluid-infiltrated sponge, surrounded by a water-permeable barrier. To understand water movements in an animal cell, we imposed an external, inhomogeneous osmotic stress on cultured cancer cells. This forced water through the membrane on one side,...

The following discussion of PWR steady state and transient design limits is extracted from the theses of Carter Shuffler and Jarrod Trant while the BWR discussion is extracted from Paolo Ferroni's thesis (covers steady state only). These limits are a simplified and narrower discussion than the relevant NRC standard review plan you will also be referred to. All materials are directly extracted f...

In environmental flood management, an essential task is to improve channel conveyance using environmentally preferable methods, which aim to preserve natural morphological and hydraulic characteristics of a river. This requires a reliable channel design method that accounts for complex hydraulics, i.e. two-stage channel or considerable bank vegetation. Hydraulic field measurements were carried ...

The physical habitat that controls ecosystem functioning is determined by local hydraulics and channel morphology. Hydraulic field studies were conducted in a boreal stream 1) to test the hypothesis that the local hydraulic conditions are determined by cross-sectional geometry and flow resistance in boreal conditions by analysing the relationship between flow velocities, cross-sectional geometr...