The catalytic synthesis of hydroquinoneutilize benzene as the starting material. The manufacture of hydroquinone by oxidation of phenol and 1,2diisopropylbenzene. The first route begin with Friedel-Crafts alkylation of petroleum –derived benzene to afford cumene. Subsequent Hock-type, air oxidation of the cumene leads to formation of acetone and phenol. The phenol is oxidized by using 70%hydrog...

Comparative metabolite profiling of geldanamycin and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) using human liver microsomes in normoxia and hypoxia was conducted to understand their differential metabolic fates. Geldanamycin bearing a 17-methoxy group primarily underwent reductive metabolism, generating the corresponding hydroquinone under both conditions. The formed hydroquinone resists f...

In this study, sixty-two (62) skin-lightening creams and soaps were analysed for total mercury and hydroquinone levels. Total mercury was determined by the Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry using an automatic mercury analyser and hydroquinone by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The mean concentration of total mercury in skin toning creams and cosmetic soaps were 0.098 ± 0.0...

Hydroquinone is one of the dangerous ingredients in facial whitening cream cosmetics which can cause skin irritation, redness and a burning feeling. The purpose this study was to determine hydroquinone content sold marketplace. method used qualitative test using colour reagent Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with toluene:glacial acetic acid as mobile phase (5:5) Silica Gel254 Plate stationary p...

A facile step-by-step approach for synthesizing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) loaded on the wrinkled surface of reduced-graphene-oxide (Cu/rGO) was conducted using a reductant at room temperature. Multiple characterization methods were applied to specify morphology and composition nanocomposites. The scanning electron microscope transmission Cu/rGO show that spherical CuNps dispersed uniformly r...

Hydroquinone and other cutaneous depigmenting agents are widely used by dermatologists to treat pigmentary disorders. On 29 August 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a monograph in the US Federal Register proposing to ban all hydroquinone products that have not been approved via a New Drug Application process. Reports in the scientific literature on the occurrence of exog...

new kinds of hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and along with a azo dye applied as additives in the iodide/iodine redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells and their effect on the short-circuit photocurrent of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated. addition of 0.05 m a hydroquinone derivative in the electrolyte comprising 0.5 m 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (mpii) and...

In recent years, individuals are rampantly exposed to vapours of benzene, through paint, plastic, petroleum industries, fuel exhaust, and tobacco smoke. Hence the present investigation was directed towards determining the effect of benzene metabolites, namely, phenol-hydroquinone and catechol, on the motility, viability, and nuclear integrity of the human spermatozoa. From the results obtained ...

A simply and high selectively electrochemical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol at a glassy carbon electrode modified with the poly L-methionine/multiwall carbon nanotubes, which significantly increased the reversible electrochemical reaction. The electrochemical behavior of catechol and hydroquinone at the modified electrode was studied b...

INTRODUCTION Hydroquinone is the best studied andmost widely used topical depigmenting agent, and represents the gold standard for treatment of disorders of pigmentation. Although ochronosis is a known sequela of long-term hydroquinone use, pigmentation of the nails is rarely a reported side effect. We present a case of identical twins who developed hyperpigmentation of identical nails after th...