Many advances have been made in radiocarbon dating of bone organics, but research on 14C dating of bone inorganic carbon has lagged significantly behind. Using mammoth bone, enamel, and tusk from the Dent and Murray Springs Clovis sites, experiments with the Haas and Banewicz technique of bone apatite dating by step heating demonstrate that accurate radiocarbon ages can be produced from bone ap...

-The applicability of rapid and precise laser probe analysis of tooth enamel for 6 ~O has been verified, and the method has been applied to different modern herbivores in East Africa. Sampling and pretreatment procedures involve initial bleaching and grinding of enamel to <75 /~m, and elimination of adsorbed water and organic compounds with BrFs. Typical analytical reproducibilities for 0 .5-2 ...

We report the synthesis of a range sodium-carbonate co-substituted hydroxyapatite compositions with sodium and measured carbonate contents ranging from approximately 0.4–0.8 ​wt% 4.4–14.2 ​wt%, respectively, via aqueous precipitation reaction between calcium hydroxide, phosphoric acid either or hydrogen-carbonate. A subsequent heat treatment in dry CO2 at 600 ​°C allowed for Na–CO3 apatite cont...

Abstract A defect structure and osseointegration capacity of sodium chloride co-substituted hydroxyapatite (NaClAp) were newly studied. The NaClAp was prepared by reacting H 3 PO 4 Ca(OH) 2 with NaNO NH Cl followed sintering; pure (HAp) synthesized as a control. After sintering, the co-substitution Ca OH Na Cl, respectively, produced charged point defects at sites. Also, molecules partially ado...

A precise understanding of the crystal properties of bone and other calcifications is essential in defining pathological and physiological mineralization. Bone mineral is predominately calcium and orthophosphate, but contains about 6 per cent carbonate. The physical state of carbonate in bone has been controversial but has attracted considerable interest since carbonate probably influences bone...

Abstract Bone waste is a problematic slaughterhouse typically disposed of in landfills. The pyrolyzed product this shows strong potential mine and industrial water remediation work needed to identify chemical structural parameters which drive performance. Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used probe carbonate (CO 3 2− ), phosphate (PO 4 3− ) hydroxyl (OH − environm...

The modification of porosity and surface silanization are efficient methods to improve physicochemical biological properties bioactive glass. For sol-gel-derived glasses, the use surfactant in synthesis medium allows pattern may significantly impact their vitro bioactivity. Additionally, functionalization by be a key method for grafting drugs or biomolecules glass surface. In this work, we real...

Calcium phosphate is deposited in many diseases, but formation mechanisms remain speculative. Nanobacteria are the smallest cell-walled bacteria, only recently discovered in human and cow blood and commercial cell culture serum. In this study, we identified with energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis and chemical analysis that all growth phases of nanobacteria produce biogenic apatite on their c...