Introduction Hydroxyl ion release from calcium hydroxide is responsible for the key attributes of broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, penetration into biofilms, inhibition of endotoxins, and dissolution of organic tissues.1,2 The maximum solubility of calcium hydroxide in water at 25C is only 0.159 g/100mL (0.16%), and this reduces to 0.140 g/100 mL (0.14%) at 40C, with an accompanying decre...

optical modeling was applied for obtaining absorbance spectra and band gap values for different morphology of zno semiconductor. in optical modeling, the relative permittivity scalars of zinc oxide coral like nanorods were calculated using the bruggeman homogenization formalism. zno nano rods (zonrs) as a nucleus layer were fabricated on the indium tin oxide (ito) by chronoamperometry (ca) in a...

A stopped flow rapid reaction apparatus capable of following changes of +/-0.02 pH unit in 0.1 ml of solution in less than 0.005 sec has been developed, utilizing a commercially available pH-sensitive glass electrode. Using this instrument, extracellular pH at 37 degrees C was followed from less than 0.025 sec to 300 sec after mixing equal volumes of the following CO(2)-free solutions: (A) norm...

Optical modeling was applied for obtaining absorbance spectra and band gap values for different morphology of ZnO semiconductor. In optical modeling, the relative permittivity scalars of zinc oxide coral like nanorods were calculated using the Bruggeman homogenization formalism. ZnO nano rods (ZONRs) as a nucleus layer were fabricated on the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) by chronoamperometry (CA) in a...

A soluble enzyme that transfers d-glucose from uridine diphosphate d-glucose to low molecular weight hydroxyl compounds has been discovered in germinating mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) seeds and purified 220-fold. Phenol and n-butyl alcohol are the most reactive aceptors examined. The reactivities of various acceptors are largely independant of hydroxyl group acidities or of the electronic prope...

Wynberg's report from 1977 that natural cinchona alkaloids catalyze the asymmetric conjugate addition of aromatic thiols to cycloalkenones is a landmark discovery in hydrogen bonding organocatalysis. Wynberg proposed that this reaction proceeded via the formation of a thiolate-alkylammonium tight ion pair and activation of the enone electrophile by a hydrogen bond from the catalyst's hydroxyl g...

An adequate supply of pure water is absolutely essential to human existence. During floods, water is available in adequate quantity, but the quality is often not suitable for drinking or cooking purposes. The goal of the study was to develop an easier, cheaper and faster technique of water purification. Oxygen ions are well known for their high reactivity. An attempt has been made to use oxygen...

We investigated a method for producing granulated boehmite (BE) by using an organic binder and measured its phosphate-ion-adsorption capacity. BE was granulated using polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and its structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The properties of granulated BE such as specific surface area, mean pore diameter, pore volume, ...

Cultures of cosmomycin D-producing Streptomyces olindensis ICB20 that were propagated for many generations underwent mutations that resulted in production of a range of related anthracyclines by the bacteria. The anthracyclines that retained the two trisaccharide chains of the parent compound were separated by HPLC. Exact mass determination of these compounds revealed that they differed from co...