The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential of Momordica charantia fruit extract (MCE) in ammonium chloride-induced (AC) hyperammonemic rats. Experimental hyperammonemia was induced in adult male Wistar rats (180-200 g) by intraperitoneal injections of ammonium chloride (100 mg kg(-1) body weight) thrice a week. The effect of oral administration (thrice a week for 8 con...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Studies in acute liver failure show correlation between evidence of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and progression of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). We tested the hypothesis that SIRS mediators, such as nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines, may exacerbate the neuropsychological effects of hyperammonemia in cirrhosis. METHODS Ten patients with cirrhosis we...

From the literature reviews, valproic acid (VPA) induced hyperammonemia is a commonly adverse event and usually asymptomatic. VPA is a well-tolerated and an effective agent for the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, off-lable use for the impulsive control problems and etc. However, several case reports have indicated that VPA may induce serious symptomatic hypera...

The hyperinsulism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is caused by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) gain-of-function mutations that reduce the inhibition by GTP, consequently increasing the activity of GDH in vivo. The source of the hyperammonemia in the HI/HA syndrome remains unclear. We examined the effect of systemic activation of GDH on ammonia metabolism in the rat. 2-Aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2...

OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the incidence of hyperammonemia in urinary tract infections and explored the utility of urinary obstruction relief and antimicrobial administration to improve hyperammonemia. METHODS This was an observational study. Subjects were patients who were diagnosed with urinary tract infection and hospitalized between June 2008 and June 2009. We measured plas...

Hyperammonemia associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The gut a major source ammonia production that contributes to hyperammonemia CLD and HE remains primary therapeutic target for lowering hyperammonemia. As an ammonia-lowering strategy, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 bacterium was genetically modified consume convert arginin...

Hyperammonemia in the brain leads to poorly understood alterations of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthases, might be recycled from the citrulline produced with NO by argininosuccinate synthetase (AS) and argininosuccinate lyase (AL). The regulation of AS and AL genes during hyperammonemia is unknown in the brain. We used brain cell aggregates cultured f...

Urea cycle defects and acute or chronic liver failure are linked to systemic hyperammonemia and often result in cerebral dysfunction and encephalopathy. Although an important role of the liver in ammonia metabolism is widely accepted, the role of ammonia metabolizing pathways in the liver for maintenance of whole-body ammonia homeostasis in vivo remains ill-defined. Here, we show by generation ...

Hyperammonemia is an uncommon side effect of topiramate (TPM) that has only been reported when it is used as an adjunct to valproate. We report a patient with mental retardation who developed reversible encephalopathy from TPM. Ammonia level was monitored during the course of TPM treatment. This patient had recurring, reversible elevations in serum ammonia levels that coincided with the adminis...

BACKGROUND Neurological complications following bariatric surgery are rare. Whereas nutritional deficiencies are the most common cause of neurological symptoms, the unmasking of previously subclinical metabolic disorders can also lead to significant morbidity. OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinical presentation, serum biochemical fluctuations, and functional enzymatic analysis of a case of fu...